relias onc rn a exam with correct answers 2024.

YES....Using a condom during sex *****Avoiding highly acidic foods Using products that contain parabens Avoiding products that contain DEET - answer-Your patient is receiving a continuous cisplatin (Platinol®, Platinol-AQ®) infusion for testicular cancer. What is the MOST important safety practice you should educate him about? Colon - answer-FOLFOX chemotherapy is recommended for what type of cancer? These are signs and symptoms of end stage cycle of life that your loved one will likely pass very soon. - answer-You are assessing a patient receiving end-of-life care and find Cheynes-Stokes respirations, decerebrate positioning, and cool, mottled extremities. What should you tell the family about these findings? 2,000 - answer-A patient weighting 220 lbs is ordered to receive IV heparin 20 units/kg/hour. How many units should he receive each hour? Lung - answer-Which type of cancer is associated with the HIGHEST rate of death in women? Beneficence vs justice Non-maleficence vs justice ****Autonomy vs beneficence YES....Autonomy vs non-maleficence - answer-A patient who wishes to be discharged to his home even though his physician and other members of his healthcare team believe and have informed the patient that his decision poses a risk of harm is a conflict of what ethical principles? A hospital-wide in-service training on strategies to improve the patient experience YES.....Obtaining payment for provided healthcare services ****When requested by a family member with proof of identity A research project conducted by nursing students to study medication regimens - answer-In which of the following instances is disclosure of patient health information permitted without patient authorization? Even though the procedure wasn't as bad as I anticipated, I'm so glad I don't have to go through that ever again - answer-A 52-year-old patient had a colonoscopy 2 years ago for colon cancer screening. What statement indicates a need for more education? Acknowledge that hair loss is visible to others and can attract unwanted attention, which can be difficult to cope with - answer-You are speaking with a patient experiencing hair loss after chemotherapy. She tells you she does not go out of the house unless it is absolutely necessary because she feels like people stare at her. Which of the following is the BEST response? Loss of appetite - answer-Which symptom is MOST likely due to an elevated calcium level? Ensure the patient has sufficient knowledge to make an informed decision - answer-What is the nurse's responsibility related to informed consent? Acknowledge the patient's faith and ask how you can be supportive - answer-Your terminally-ill patient says that they believe in the power of prayer and has faith that God will cure them. How should the nurse respond? Prevent nausea and vomiting rather than providing treatment once symptoms begin - answer-What is the BEST approach for dealing with nausea and vomiting associated with a first round of chemotherapy? Spinal cord compression - answer-The patient with lymphoma reports numbness in the feet, weakness when ambulating, cramping, weakness in the extremities, foot drop, and loss of bowel and/or bladder control. What condition might you expect? Drug diversion - answer-A patient with chronic pain has been prescribed long-term opioids. His urine drug screen is negative for opioids, and although his last 30-day prescription was filled 7 days ago, your pill count reveals that he only has a 3-day supply remaining. What primary concern should you discuss with the patient's physician? Ask the patient if he's considering harming himself - answer-A patient who is hospitalized has been crying and inconsolable. He tells you, "I see no reason to continue living". What is the FIRST action to take? Teaching lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of cancer YES...Slowing disease progression and preventing complications Identifying cancer through early detection when a cure is possible ---Avoiding unnecessary interventions that are unlikely to improve patient outcomes - answer-What is the PRIMARY goal of tertiary care? Schedule him for a MRI to rule out spinal cord compression. - answer-Your patient is a 35 year old man with prostate cancer and widespread osseous metastases.He complains of worsening mid-thoracic back pain for 2 weeks. His physical exam reveals tenderness at T8, with no neurologic deficits. What can we anticipate as the oncologist's FIRST step? With early detection, there are conservative treatment approaches that may preserve fertility. - answer-A 24-year-old female with a family history of cervical cancer tells you she is hoping to be pregnant soon because the only treatment for cervical cancer is a hysterectomy. What is the BEST response? *****NSAIDs taken with warfarin can cause liver toxicity. NSAIDS decrease the effects of warfarin. NSAIDS increase renal clearance of warfarin. YES......NSAIDs increase the effects of warfarin. - answer-What is the danger of taking NSAIDs with warfarin? Encourage the patient to stay hydrated YES....Use of a fan to increase air circulation Raise the temperature to warm the room ****Lower the head of the bed - answer-What non-pharmacologic treatment would be recommended for your patient experiencing end-of-life dyspnea? YES..... It inhibits absorption of antiretroviral therapy ***It increases the rate of excretion of antiretroviral therapy It inhibits gastric motility It increases the risk for liver toxicity - answer-Why should patients with HIV who are taking antiretroviral therapy be advised to avoid taking a proton-pump inhibitor? Medicare False Claims Act - answer-A physician has ordered several diagnostic tests for a Medicare patient, some of which the patient has recently had and others that do not seem necessary. What is the legal basis for your concern? Intercourse is possible but abstain until surgery-related vaginal discharge has stopped and wounds have healed. - answer-You are providing education to a patient who is scheduled to have a total hysterectomy next week. What should you tell your patient regarding postoperative intercourse? Survivor's guilt - answer-You are caring for a patient who tells you, " avoid seeing my friend, Katy. I feel bad that her husband died of cancer but I was cured of my cancer. I just can't face her knowing that." This statement is MOST indicative of what psychological condition? ****8 to 12 weeks 8 to 12 months YES....3 to 5 months *****3 to 5 weeks - answer-How long after initiation of tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a response typically observed on a radiographic evaluation? Scalp cooling may be effective in preventing hair loss in some instances. - answer-Your patient is concerned about alopecia after starting chemotherapy and said she has heard that scalp cooling is an effective method for preventing hair loss. How should you respond? Adrenal crisis - answer-What oncologic emergency is MOST likely to occur after abrupt discontinuation of long-term glucocorticoids? Tumor size and extent - answer-When using the TNM staging system, what does the 'T' indicate? Insomnia - answer-You are assessing a patient with cancer who tells you they are have been having palpitations, nausea, insomnia, and night sweats. Which of these symptoms is a possible sign of depression? Contact the prescriber to clarify the order - answer-You notice an order for Morphine (Duramorph®, Infumorph®) IV 60 mg every 2 to 4 hours PRN for pain. What immediate action is MOST appropriate? Autonomy - answer-Respect for a patient's decision to refuse chemotherapy even though doctors believe it will likely result in a cure follows what ethical principle? Teach her how to help with simple tasks, such as mouth care - answer-As a patient nears death, what would be an appropriate way for the nurse to involve her adult daughter in patient care? Stop the infusion - answer-A few minutes after starting a L-asparaginase infusion, your patient reports feeling strange, nauseated, short of breath, and like his face and neck are on fire. What should you do FIRST? Coude' tip catheter - answer-You are caring for a patient with an enlarged prostate and urine retention. What type of catheter should you select? 15 year old non-Hispanic white male - answer-Which of the following patients is most likely to have Ewing sarcoma? Breast cancer - answer-Persons of Ashkenazi Jewish background are at increased risk for what type of cancer? Prostate - answer-The incidence of new cancer diagnoses in men is HIGHEST for what type of cancer? 6 months - answer-To qualify for general hospice care, a patient's terminal prognosis must be NO LONGER than what timespan? YES......Assess for ineffective coping and offer teaching on alternative coping strategies if needed. Provide a quiet and restful space for the patient to grieve and contemplate decisions. ****Encourage the patient to talk to his family about his diagnosis. Provide the patient with educational materials about the pathophysiology of HIV infection. - answer-You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed HIV. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate to incorporate into the care plan? Dyspnea and swelling of the neck, arms, and/or hands YES....Excessive thirst and frequent urination ****Difficulty or pain while urinating and flank pain ****Headache and loss of appetite - answer-What are common signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia of malignancy? Chvostek's sign - answer-What sign, when positive, is associated with hypocalcemia? Bone marrow suppression - answer-What is the MOST common and potentially serious complication of antineoplastic medications? It's normal for women to have concerns about their sex life after a mastectomy. Do you have concerns? - answer-Which of the following questions is MOST appropriate for assessing a woman's concerns about sexuality after a mastectomy? Tearfulness and restlessness - answer-What typical signs of anxiety might you see in a patient newly diagnosed with cancer? Long-term analgesic medications Comorbid gastroesophageal reflux YES.......Concomitant bleomycin therapy ****Use of bronchodilators - answer-You are assessing a patient's risks for complications associated with radiation therapy to the lung fields. What factor further increases their risk for developing radiation pneumonitis? A clinician will make a thorough assessment before pronouncing death - answer-Your patient's family wants to know how you will make certain that their loved one is really dead. What is the BEST way to respond? Respect the privacy of the patient/family - answer-You are a hospice nurse for a patient who is at end stage lung cancer. You enter the room and observe the family praying with the patient. What is your BEST response? Arrange for use of organization-approved interpreter services - answer-Before collecting a health history, you determine that the patient has limited English proficiency. What should you do before proceeding? Aplastic anemia causes destruction of the hematopoietic system - answer-Why is an autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) inappropriate for a 64-year-old patient with aplastic anemia? Patient not understanding benefits of screening - answer-What factor is a PATIENT barrier to cancer screening that a nurse can MOST easily address? Hospital admission for empiric antibiotics for suspected neutropenic fever. - answer-Your patient was recently diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. During today's oncology clinic visit, your nursing assessment reveals the following symptoms: increased general malaise, oral temp of 102.5°F, chills, and painful mouth sores. The nurse would anticipate which of the following? Malpractice - answer-A RN calls in a prescription for a patient without a physician order. What legal concerns should you report? Dark brown with red and blue areas, flat, and irregular in shape - answer-What features are most characteristic of a typical melanoma lesion? Family history - answer-Which of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for cancer? Feeling anxious, sad, hopeless, trouble concentrating, loss of interests, insomnia, suicidal thoughts - answer-What symptoms should you assess to determine a patient's response to venlafaxine (Effexor®) 15 minutes 30 minutes YES.....4 hours ***2 hours - answer-Your patient has been ordered a blood transfusion. What is the recommended transfusion time for a unit of blood? Fish - answer-Consumption of what type of meat is associated with the LOWEST risk for developing colorectal cancer? Digital mammography - answer-What primary screening method is recommended for detecting breast cancer in women with heterogeneously dense breasts? Diaphoresis ***Bradycardia YES.......Mottled extremities Flank pain - answer-What is a classic symptom of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? Both genes are risk factors for getting ovarian cancer - answer-A patient asks you if a family history of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes can predict a woman's chances of getting ovarian cancer. What is the BEST response? Prevention of nausea and vomiting - answer-What is the rationale for giving dexamethasone (Decadron®) prior to administration of paclitaxel (Abraxane®) and carboplatin (Paraplatin®? Vitamin B12, Iron supplements, bile acid sequestrants YES......Vitamin D, Calcium, bisphosphonates ****Vitamin A, green leafy vegetables, diuretics Vitamin K, dark chocolate, anticoagulants - answer-What medications and nutritional recommendations are MOST likely to be prescribed for a breast cancer survivor to prevent a common secondary condition from occurring?