Relias flashcards with 100% correct answers 2024

Using _______ to prevent problem bx is considered a proactive approach - answer-Antecedent intervention BIP is developed for what reason - answer-to decrease problem behaviors and teach or increase replacement behaviors in all settings Pairing has occurred when... - answer-the teacher is paired with the reinforcement if escape behaviors are occurring frequently, it is often due to - answer-the reinforcement schedule being too thin Levi screams whenever he wants his toy. What would be a good antecedent intervention? - answer-Functional communication training (teaching manding) _______ the pace of instruction can decrease the likelihood of escape behaviors - answer-Increasing the inter-trial interval should last... - answer-approx. 1/2 second cameron has tantrums and non-compliance for the function of escaping a task. What antecedent interventions would be best to use in the BIP? - answer-stimulus demand fading the Wait and Transitions program are both used as antecedent interventions for... - answer-behaviors to gain item/activity Joseph engages in shouting out behaviors for the function of gaining attention. What antecedent interventions would be best to use in the BIP - answer-Non-contingent attention Using ___________ to prevent behaviors is considered a proactive approach - answer-antecedent interventions There are three types of behavior intervention strategies in the BIP, they are - answer-Antecedent interventions, replacement behaviors, and consequence interventions Systematic desensitization/exposure therapy is most often used to treat - answer-phobias Errorless teaching is most appropriate to prevent - answer-behaviors to escape/avoid something a motor activity schedule could - answer-reduce the motivation for self stimulatory behavior Reinforcement is any event the ________ behavior, and ________________ that behavior - answer-Follows; increases Another way to conceptualize negative in negative reinforcement and in negative punishment is... - answer-Removal what precedes behavior - answer-antecedent When Kay talked to nancy she liked to complain about work. Nancy would listen and try to cheer her up by talking with her. The more nancy talked with Kay the more she complained. By talking with Kay after she complained, Nancy used what principle - answer-Positive reinforcement The field of ABA focuses on _________ behavior - answer-Observable Who was the founder of modern behaviorism - answer-Skinner What follows behavior - answer-consequence the definition of behavior is - answer-any observable movement of a living thing Jane rarely used her phone. Whenever her annoying coworker approaches her and she on on the phone her coworker walks away. Now Jane is always talking on the phone. What principle of behavior accounts for this increase? - answer-Negative reinforcement Alyse didnt sing in music class often. One day her teacher saw her singing and compliemented her voice in front of the class. Alyse stopped singing in class altogether. What principle did the music teacher use on Alyse's singing bx? - answer-Positive punishment __________ schedules of reinforcement are when only some of the responses are reinforced - answer-intermittent Joshua cracked jokes during the movies he watched in history class every week. When he did this the teacher removed him from the class and had him sit in the library. Joshua stopped cracking jokes during the movies. This is an example of... - answer-time out Hilary has autism and she likes to push buttons on her toys over and over. After a while, to her parents satisfaction, the batteries wore out of the toy. Hilary stopped pushing the buttons on the toy. what decreased this behavior - answer-extinction motivation operations increase the relative value of a particular reinforcer and also - answer-increase the likelihood of any behavior that has produced that reinforcer in the past Jake yelled when he wanted music turned off and his parents would turn it off. One day, his parents decided to ignore his yelling. Jake's yelling initially increased then decreased over the next couple days as they continued to ignore. What occurred? - answer-extinction burst Ratio schedules are based on _______ and interval schedules are based on _______ - answer-the number of responses; passage of time motivating operations variables in the environment that alter the relative value of a _______ at a particular time - answer-reinforcer In the book , Ethics for Behavior Analysts, Bailey and Burch outlined 9 guidelines that can and should be followed when __________ - answer-making decisions about out clients Behavior analysts adhere to the code of ethics that suggests guidelines for conduct including teaching what kind of skills? - answer-functions Respect autonomy, benefit others and be just are all - answer-from ethics for behavior analysts by bailey and Burch the main goal of HIPAA was to - answer-allow people to carry insurance from one employer to another and to protect the privacy and security of medical records and information the one time you should violate confidentiality is when.. - answer-there is suspicion of neglect/abuse punishment is used to - answer-decrease bx Whenever punishment is going to be used, the client or the person whom makes decisions for the client, such as a parent or guardian, must ______ - answer-give informed consent When you observed sally she kicked 7 times. Your observation was from 1pm to 3pm, sally's kicking rate per hour is... - answer-3.5/hr what can be used to predict for behavior in the future - answer-a trend line in the direction of the behavior change During baseline, behavior is assessed in the... - answer-natural environment Listener responding involves responding ______ to the verbal behavior of another - answer-non-verbally when teaching receptive identification it is useful to begin with the identification of - answer-Preferred stimuli If shown an array of photos and asked, "Give me the one that you jump on" this is an example of... - answer-Function the ABC of receptive language is... - answer-antecedent: another person's verbal language; Behavior: non-verbal response; Consequence: non-specific reinforcement In receptive identification it is recommended that the array of items should: - answer-increase in size and become messier Objects are generally presented before pictures when teaching receptive identification (T/F) - answer-True In the receptive instructions program, generally the first step should be: - answer-give instructions to preform referred tasks in context touching or looking at a picture or object when it is named is an example of what - answer-receptive language/listener responding If a child can respond correctly to "touch the car" but not respond correctly to "Touch the one you drive" they may be missing what skill - answer-listener responding to function feature and class what is another name for fast trigger - answer-antecedent Claire has to write a sorry letter to the teacher and all of her friends when she yells at her friends in class. This is an example of what - answer-overcorrection which of the following should be used first when dealing with problem behaviors? - answer-antecedent interventions Leila engages in hand mouthing. She is reinforced every time she is engaged in a behavior that is incompatable with hand mouthing (drawing, playing with legos) this is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure? - answer-Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) what will guide you to an appropriate intervention? - answer-function of behavior Extinction functions the same as ______ because both _______ the rate of a behavior - answer-punishment; decrease extinction is the most difficult to use with _____ maintained behaviors - answer-automatically what might be an appropriate consequence interventions for screaming for attention - answer-ignoring the scream and later prompting them to call your name the I in DRI stands for - answer-incompatible a good behavioral definition is - answer-operational when keenan and his mother go to the zoo, keenan always whines to ride the train. Most of the time his mother says no but when she is really tired she might say yes. Why is this behavior not likely to be easily extinguished - answer-she has reinforced his whining on a very thin variable ratio schedule what information can be generated from and FBA? - answer-what variables are likely to be involved in maintaining the behavior topography is the same as... - answer-form: what the behavior looks like anne was up late watching TV. when her alarm went off in the morning she threw it across the room. Her roommate came in and Anne yelled at her to leave her alone. what is the most likely distant setting or motivating variable affecting anne's bx? - answer-lack of sleep What is an antecedent? - answer-an event that sets the stage for the behavior and occurs in close proximity to the behavior Kyle walked into his classroom the teacher told him to go get his math book, kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principle about kyle's bx instead of doing the math lesson. What could be the reinforcer - answer-escape from math how many functions of behavior are socially mediated? - answer-3 behavioral definitions must be both... - answer-observational and measurable an important ethical question to ask when setting up a behavior change program is _______ - answer-how will this benefit the individual what are the 4 functions of behavior? - answer-access to tangibles, to gain attention, escape, automatic Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. the teacher went to tell the principle about kyle's behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What is the antecedent to falling on the floor - answer-being told to grab his math book a BIP is... - answer-a guide for parents, teachers, and other professionals on how to decrease inappropriate behaviors and/or teach replacement behaviors For ASD children that do not easily acquire imitation, skills may need to be - answer-broken down into basic compartments, directly taught, and reinforced its important to remember that _____ action(s) should be taught for the same toy in imitation - answer-multiple the four areas of motor imitation are.. - t imitation, gross motor imitation, and oral motor imitation For a student beginning imitation training, they need to engage is some pre-req bx, including - answer-staying seated and attending to the teacher it is important to remember throughout imitative skills training that the end goal is to have the student... - answer-imitate others in his natural environment (T/F) the SD "raise arms" should be used to teach imitation (memtic bx) - answer-false when creating video-self modeling videos, you... - answer-videotape the student engaging in the desired behavior and edit out any other behaviors which type of chaining results in the learner being reinforced after they perform the final step in the chain - answer-backwards chaining when teaching bob to discriminate boys and girls, his teacher used pictures of exaggerated versions of genders (girls had long hair and dresses, boys wore pants with short hair). Over time, she used less exaggerated features. this is an example of what - answer-stimulus fading Imitation training can be used to teach students to take cues from... - answer-model prompts what kind of prompt is being used when the teacher flashes the light off then on to get students' attention - answer-Visual prompt T/F video modeling is a new area of research in the field of education and behavior analysis - answer-false when teaching new behavior, you should use which type of prompt heirarchy? - answer-most to least a phonemic prompt is - answer-a small verbal prompt that gets the learner to emit the desired response discrimination training requires - answer-one response and two antecedent conditions during episodes of non-compliance, it may be necessary to use which type of prompt - answer-physical the three steps of discrimination training are - answer-teach in isolation, add distracters, mix in mastered skills talk analysis is the first step in... - answer-chaining breaking a complex skills into a smaller teachable units is the definition of... - answer-task analysis what is the best prompt to use when first teaching imitation? - answer-physical prompt discrimination training requires... - answer-one response and two antecedent conditions Video modeling is beneficial because - answer-some children with autism already imitate videos and watching videos is often reinforcing Johnny is reinforced to say Ba, then Baba, then bottle. this is an example of what procedure - answer-shaping the purpose of using time delay when prompting is.. - answer-to fade prompts and transfer the response to the SD verbal prompts are some of the ________ ________ prompts to fade - answer-most difficult definition of DTT - answer-breaking skills down into small steps and teaching one sub-skill at a time until mastery In the DTT cycle, the prompt should occur when - answer-simultaneously with the instruction or just after it in DTT, the inter-trial-interval generally lasts how long? - answer-1-3 seconds T/F with expressive targets you can use expanded trials - answer-true the following is an example of what; the teacher glances at the cow toy as she presents the instruciton "give me the cow" - answer-inadvertent prompting shaping is... - answer-reinforcing successive approximations of a target bx what is chaining - answer-breaking a skill down into components, teaching each step to mastery and then combining all steps errorless teaching is when - answer-the instructor provides prompting when the target is presented so that student response is correct generalizations means demonstration of mastery across - answer-time, people, materials how can you tell if an item is a reinforcer - answer-if the bx was actually repeated in the future after receiving the item task variation involves the random interspersing of - answer-tasks during a therapy session teaching johnny to label his clothing items as he dressed would be an example of - answer-natural environment teaching (NET) backwards chaining is... - answer-prompting the learner through the initial steps and allowing them to complete the final step, then they complete the final two steps, the three and so on which effective teaching procedures can be used to NaTS to maintain motivation - answer-using errorless teaching and varying tasks Multiple examplar training refers to - answer-using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization sue's teachers say she isnt motivated by anything. She shows little interest in toys, activities or food. an exception appears to be one CD that she listens to exclusively. What can Sue's teachers do to broaden her reinforcement repertiore - answer-pair toys, food, and activities with the music she loves and then start to fade music by turning the volume down when teaching a new skill you should, - answer-use multiple stimuli there is a functional relationship between a behavior and a consequence when that behavior naturally produces that ________ - answer-consequence something you can do to prevent the student from losing motivation in naturalistic teaching is - answer-change activities at a pace that is just slightly faster than the learner is losing interest in them in the following teaching sessions when certain parts of the environment impact our responses, this is said to have ______ over our responses - answer-stimulus control generalization can refer to the transfer of behaviors to - answer-persons, settings, and other behaviors T/F what someone says they want is the best predictor of reinforcer effectiveness - answer-false Rob is learning body parts, and loves frogs. His teacher draws a frog but leaves part of his body missing. When he points at the missing part, she prompts him to say the body part, then draws it. This is an example of NT because.. - answer-the reinforcer was directly related to the material being taught if a Behavior analyst measured the length of time that it took andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the... - answer-latency outcome recording could be used for which behavior - answer-writing an essay which kind of data should be recorded on a graph for visual analysis - answer-all data definition for hitting - answer-forceful contact between learner's hand and another person T/F when labeling the vertical or y-axis, you should indicate the specific measurment of behavior - answer-True Indirect assessment consists of - answer-interviews, rating scales, questions, surveys, etc an operational definition is used for a behavior so that - answer-two independent observers will agree on occurrences and non-occurences of the bx what is the first step in creating a behavioral treatment - answer-define the bx and select a meaurment technique if a bx analysis watched Jimmy for 5 minute periods and recorded if he were humming for ANY part of that 5 minute period, she would be using - answer-partial interval recording frequency recording would be appropriate to use for - answer-key strokes if practitioners ethical responsibilities conflict with the law, ABA practitioners should - answer-make known their commitment to these guidelines and take steps to resolve the conflict T/F if you have commitments that get in the way of service delivery, it is okay as long as services are not disrupted for over two weeks, as that is when regression occurs - answer-false RBT stands for - answer-registered behavior technician the role of RBT is to - answer-provide direct support and education with individuals recieving ABA services if a practitioner finds that, due to unforseen factors, a potentially harmful multiple relationship has risen, what is reccomended - answer-attempt to resolve with the best interests of the affected person and maximal compliance with the guidelines what is a very common type of data used in ITT that takes a little more time - answer-cold probe when teaching in ITT, the goal is to fade the frequency of reinforcement from a _________ schedule to a ________ schedule - answer-continuous; intermittent T/F instructions (SD) should be delivered in many ways - answer-true what assessments can be helpful in setting up a VB program - answer-ABLLS-R and VB-MAPP in the ITT, the format is - answer-Sd/Instruction--> Response Using transfer trials will help eliminate - answer-prompt dependency When our learner is on a roll with responding, reinforcement should be - answer-continued at current levels or increased during error correction, after you represent the SD with a prompt, you should - answer-represent the same instruction to test if the prompt a woman saying Cynthia after being asked her name is an example of which verbal operant - answer-intraverbal _______ are usually the first form of communication to develop in typically developing children - answer-mands Behavior that is evoked by another's verbal behavior such as conversation, can be best described as... - answer-intraverbal a guy asks for pizza, this is an example of which verbal operant - answer-mand clapping upon seeing another individual clapping is an example of what bx - answer-imitation (mimetic bx) billy saying my name is Ricky after ricky said my name is ricky is an example of what - answer-echoic Skinner's bx analysis of verbal bx emphasizes _____ in addition to the form of language - answer-function as a dog walks in front of a boy, he says, look, a dog, this is an example of which verbal operant - answer-tact When a learner becomes more non-compliant, it is most likely due to... - answer-they are not getting enough reinforcement and the schedule of reinforcement is too thin a learner will be more likely to perform behaviors that earn him more reinforcement than he would a behavior that produces less reinforcement. This refers to which characteristic of reinforcement - answer-magnitude Characteristics and variables that are components of the matching law can be remmebered with the acronym - answer-VERMI Present difficult tasks approximatley _____ % of the time - answer-20 non contingent reinforcement is delievered - answer-independent of the childs behavior many individuals with problem behaviors have established learning histories where teachers and leaning environments are.... - answer-a worsening sets of conditions As the student becomes more proficient with verbal imitation, what procedure should be used to shape articulation - answer-differential reinforcement define tact - answer-a type of expressive language used to label or describe objects, actions, and characteristics in a learner's environment What is a later step to be targeted within tacting - answer-increase the length of utterances using carrier phrases at what age has a child's tact vocabulary first increased to over 1000 - answer-4 A mand is controlled by - answer-motivation James is reaching for a gummy worm you have in your hand, and he isnt saying "gummy". What is the most intrusive prompt you can give - answer-echoic: model the word gummy teaching your student to mand can decrease problem bx bc - answer-they can now use functional communication to get their needs met instead of problem bx Carly answers a question correctly, carly's teacher high fives her, in the future carly answers more questions correctly. what is this? - answer-social reinforcment Sara is working on social referencing, her teacher says 'sara" while shaking bubbles. In response sara looks at her teacher. What should happen next? - answer-her teacher should reinforce immediatley with bubbles and say "nice looking" Ricky is sitting on the floor playing with blocks, within a few feet other children are playin with blocks. what is this play called - answer-parallel play an FBA is functioned to - answer-Hypothesize functions of the bx if you have an individual that engages in escape bx you shoud - answer-tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA After a crisis has occured, the person you support should engage in - answer-pre-crisis tasks and activities