Relias exam with 100% correct answers 2024

1. Identify two consequences: - answer-reinforcement and punishment 2. The field of Applied Behavior Analysis focuses on ______________ behavior. - answer-observable 3. What follows behavior? - answer-consequences 4. Another way to conceptualize negative in negative reinforcement and negative punishment is: - answer-removal Negative refers to the removal of a stimulus in regards to the consequence. 5. Jane rarely used her phone. Whenever her annoying coworker approaches her and she is on the phone her coworker walks away. Now Jane is always talking on the phone. What principle of behavior accounts for this increase? - answer-negative reinforcement 6. Reinforcement is any event that _________ behavior and _________ behavior. - answer-follows; increases 7. Who was the founder of modern behaviorism? - answer-B.F. Skinner 8. When Kay talked to Nancy, she liked to complain about work. Nancy would listen and try to cheer her up by talking with her. The more Nancy talked with Kay the more she complained. By talking with Kay after she complained, Nancy used what principle? - answer-positive reinforcement 9. The definition of behavior is: - answer-any observable movement of a living thing 1. Alyse didn't sing in music class often. One day, her teacher saw Alyse singing and complimented her voice in front of the class. Alyse stopped singing in music class all together. What principle did the music teacher use on Alyse's singing behavior? - answer-positive punishment 2. Motivating operations increase the relative value of a particular reinforcer and also ________. - answer-Motivating operations increase the relative value of a particular reinforcer and also increase the likelihood of any behavior that has produced that reinforcer in the past. 3. Ratio Schedules are based on ______________ and interval schedules are based on ___________________. - answer-number of responses, passage of time 4. Luke threw toys at his peers during free play. When the teacher caught him doing this, she would take the toy that he threw and put it in a box that he couldn't access for the rest of the day. His behavior decreased. This is an example of: - answer-negative punishment 5. Hilary has autism and she likes to push buttons on her toys over and over again. After a while, to her parent's satisfaction, the batteries wore out of the toy. Hilary stopped pushing the buttons on the toy. What decreased her behavior? - answer-extinction 6. Jake yelled when he wanted music turned off and his parents would turn it off. One day, his parents decided to ignore the yelling. Jake's yelling initially increased then decreased over the next couple days as they continued to ignore. What occurred? - answer-extinction burst His parents put his behavior of yelling on extinction by no longer providing the reinforcement of turning the music off, but it initially increased before its eventual decrease. This is known as an extinction burst. 7. __________________schedules of reinforcement are when only some of the responses are reinforced. - answer-Intermittent 8. Motivating Operations variables in the environment that alter the relative value of a __________ at a particular time. - answer-reinforcer 9. Joshua cracked jokes during the movies he watched in history class every week. When he did this the teacher removed him from the class and had him sit in the library. Joshua stopped cracking jokes during the movies. This is an example of - answer-time out 10. What is not a variable of reinforcer effectiveness? - answer-attractiveness different types of prompts - answer-physical, gestural, verbal Generalization - answer-client can demonstrate a skill across people, materials/stimuli and settings -use multiple stimuli for training, vary SDs to ensure client can respond to same question asked in different ways, train different responses so the client can respond in multiple ways, use many different people, variety of settings chaining - answer-we need to teach specific steps of a complex behavior (handwashing: multiple steps) total task chaining - answer-prompt as needed for each step shaping - answer-refers to a procedure used to teach a new behavior (writing letters of alphabet, pronunciation of a word) ie. pitching ball, routines in gymnastics, diving What are the 4 functions of behavior? - answer-access to tangible, access to attention, escape/avoidance, automatic reinforcement Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) - answer-Behavior Support Plan -objective is to have a plan that EVERYONE can easily follow -designed so everyone follows it in the exact same way -helps us know how to record behaviors Supervisors ensure BIs, families and staff are implementing the plan correctly should include these elements: -description and definition of target behaviors (behavior to decrease) -replacement behaviors (behavior to increase) -function or purpose of the target behaviors -antecedent & consequence strategies objective - answer-what we can see (crying, hitting, kicking) measurable - answer-we can take data on it (number of occurences, beginning and end of behavior) clear - answer-new observer would be able to identify and measure behavior consistently ABCs - answer-antecedent, behavior, consequence antecedent strategies - answer-visual schedules, timers, environmental arrangement, Premack principle, priming, non-contingent reinforcement, providing choices, token system, interspersal training, Functional Communication Training Premack Principle - answer-used to increase likelihood that client will comply with a demand "first ____ then treat" before difficult task Non-Contingent reinforcement - answer-provide regular access to reinforcer with a schedule that is not contingent on the occurrence of target behavior effective due to satiation and extinction interspersal training - answer-alternating between things they can do (maintenance) and things they are learning (acquisition tasks) -aka high probability -use with demand situations -creates behavioral momentum Functional Communication Training (FCT) - answer--used to teach an alternative/appropriate communicative response that produces the same reinforcer that maintained the challenging behavior consequence strategies - answer-differential reinforcement, 3 step guided compliance, extinction, redirection differential reinforcement - answer-term for providing reinforcer (preferred item/activity, interaction) for appropriate behavior and not attending to challenging behavior -DRA: differential reinforcement of alternative behavior -DRO: differential reinforcement of other behavior -DRI: differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior differential reinforcement's two components - answer--increasing appropriate behavior -decrease challenging behavior BIP will list out replacement behaviors that you should reinforce plan will also provide details regarding how to respond (ie. not respond) to target behaviors 3 step guided compliance - answer--may be used when a client's behavior functions to avoid/escape a task protocol: TELL -> SHOW -> DO extinction - answer-discontinuation or withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior -4 ways to implement extinction (depends on function of the behavior) -teach replacement behaviors simultaneously that serve the same function -ignore the behavior, not the client extinction burst: behavior might get worse before it gets better redirection - answer-used to assist the individual back to the original task or to another activity stimulus control is - answer-a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular discriminative stimulus than in its absence. webmail - centralreach - SSO (single sign on) - ultipro - for webmail and sso issues - answer-contact IT by email at for centralreach issues - answer-contact for ultipro login issues - answer-contact IT at 11. Motivating operations are... - answer-changes in the environment that temporarily increases the value of a particular object or event.