BUILDING TECHNOLOGY FINAL EXAM with correct answers 2024

What are the advantages of float glass over Plate glass? - answer-Float glass has higher optical quality, high finish quality, due to the molten tin mold process the glass does not need to be polished with abrasives (therefore less labor intensive). What is the proper terminology associated with the installation of glass in an opening or to the material itself? What are individual pieces of glass called (spelling is important)? - answer-Glazing - installation/material Lites - individual pieces National Glazing Association 2020 Top Manufacturers Thickness of Glass - answer-Determined by lite size and wind load Annealed glass - answer-A glass that is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses. Heat-treated Glass - answer-Produced by reheating annealed glass Cooling both surfaced rapidly with air Creates compressive stress on face and edges while tensile stresses are created in the core tempered glass- heat treated glass - answer-•Has high strength qualities •Breaks into small squared-edges (not sharp-edged pieces) Name two situations in which you might use tempered glass? - answer-Safety Glazing in places with potential for occupant impact Glass Doors with no framing Sports applications (squash, handball, basketball, hockey) Laminated glass - answer-•Bonded to Polyvinyl Butyral Interlayer between two sheets of glass •Held together if broken by the interlayer •May be colored or patterned •Good sound barrier compared to solid glass •Blocks most Ultra Violet light •Can contribute to lower Damage Weighted Transmittance (Tdw 1-0) name two situations you might use laminated glass - answer-Skylights and overhead glazing Residences Classrooms Hospital rooms Can be made to protect from bullets fritted/spandrel glass - answer-•Imprinted with silkscreened patterns or ceramic based paints •Can come in multiple colors •Can be used as spandrel glass Name two situations in which you might use Fritted/Spandrel Glass? - answer-Office Buildings Residential Buildings Mercantile/Retail Stores Any situation where a glass wall extends past the floor edge Visible Light Transmittance (VT): - answer-the visible light that passes through the glass relative to the amount of light striking the glass. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) - answer-the ratio of solar heat admitted through a particular glass to the total heat energy striking the glass. Light to Solar Gain (LSG) - answer-): useful to measure the overall energy-conserving potential of the glass. High LSG means that more light and less heat is entering the building. Insulating Glass Units (IGUs - answer-hermetically sealed with dry air, spacer, desiccant removes moisture, sealed. Glass is not an effective insulator: Double and triple glass sheets are typically used to cut the transfer of heat gain or loss by half or a third. Low-emissivity coating (low-e): - answer-•Selectively reflects solar radiation at different wavelengths •Achieves the highest LSG ratio R-Value - answer-tells us how well a particular construction material (glazing) insulates or resists heat transfer. Higher the R-value, the better the insulation and more energy saved. U-Value: - answer-the lower the U-value (less heat loss), the more energy efficient the system will be. It is the rating of how much heat energy is lost or gained. Thermochromatic: - answer-changes transparency in response to temperature Photochromatic: - answer-changes transparency in response to light intensity Liquid-crystal Glass: - answer-when electric current is provided the glass exhibits electrochromic properties Electrochromic: - answer-changes transparency to opacity three primary materials that windows are typically made of - answer-wood:•is good insulator but shrinks and expands with moisture content •Aluminum strong and easy to form, not susceptible to moisture, rapid heat conductor (thermal break) •Plastic not as strong and has high coefficient of thermal expansion (Not Sustainable) •Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP), more expensive What are the main characteristics that impact the suitability of wood for interior building? - answer-Grain, color, hardness, fire and ultraviolet resistance, and moisture As a tree grows, the innermost sapwood dies and becomes _____ which provides structural support for the tree. - answer-Heartwood Softwoods - answer-come from conifer trees that produce seeds, have needles, usually evergreen and grow in colder climates (building construction and framing) lighter, more economical, easier to curve, insulator, great paint and pil absorbers, less grainy, no visible pores Hardwoods - answer-come trees with some type of seed covering (fruit or shell) and are usually deciduous trees found in temperate climates (interior finishes) darker in color and heavier, more expensive longer to grow, hard to handle. more resistant to impact, perfect for bare wood interior Wood Flooring - answer-•Laminate •is compressed layers of fiber board and then imaging wood to the surface •Not very water resistant •Cost effective •Hardwood •¾" and tongue and groove •Comes in strip, plank or parquet (smaller pieces) •Can be sanded and refinished several times •Shrinking and swelling •Most expensive option •Engineered Hardwood •Plank or strip •Layered with glued wood strips •Less prone to temperature changes •Bamboo •Produced predominantly in China (sustainability) •Fast growth •More expensive •Cork •European tree •Fast growing Shock comfort Wood Veneer: - answer-Thin sliced wood by either cutting or peeling Wood that is unstable for lumber can be used as veneer There are various types of wood veneer backing depending on the application Wood Panel Products: - answer-•Wood panels were developed to limit the use of wood resources •less susceptible to shrinking and swelling •Types of panels include plywood, fiberboard (MDF), particle board, hardboard and oriented strand board (OSB) - graduate studio table In what situations is plaster primarily used today? - answer-To repair existing finishes in older buildings To create higher quality finishes Where more complex and intricate shapes are desired What are the two primary types of plaster? - answer-Gypsum Plaster: durable, fire-resistant, used on walls and ceilings, can achieve 1-2 hour fire rating Veneer Plaster: thin-coat applied as a finish over gypsum board, can achieve 1 hour fire rating Ornamental Plaster: - answer-•Requires skilled artisans to reproduce today •Cast on site or molded in a workshop •Medallions, Coffered, Cornices What are the three installing processes for applying plaster to partition walls? - answer-1) Metal Lath (STC 39), 2) Gypsum Lath (STC 41), 3) Veneer Plaster Base (STC 40) What is the typical width and length of gypsum? - answer-4' wide x 8' to 14' long •Relatively inexpensive interior finish material •Less labor and skilled labor needed •Less impacted by environmental conditions (temperature/moisture) •Natural insulator •Good sound resistance (single to multi-layer application) What type of gypsum board is required for fire-rated assemblies? - answer-Type X Gypsum Board or Type C Gypsum Board •Water resistant boards •Abuse resistant boards •Mold resistant boards •Core board (shaft walls) Sag-resistant (ceilings) How many levels of gypsum board finish are there? - answer-Levels 0 through 5 Which level has the most desirable finish level? What conditions might use this finish level? - answer-Level 5 for surfaces that will receive gloss or semi-gloss paints and surfaces that will be lit or highlighted Unlike most of the previously discussed codes which address life safety issues, plumbing and mechanical address what types of concerns? - answer-Health and Welfare Interior projects that include major plumbing or mechanical work will usually require collaboration with what type of professional? - answer-Engineer What are the two main plumbing codes (IPC + UPC)? - answer-International Plumbing Code (IPC) published by the ICC Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) published by the IAPMO Which chapter of the IPC is most referenced when designing interior spaces? - answer-Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings" What is the first step taken when thinking about designing plumbing fixtures in a project? - answer-Determine the number of required plumbing fixtures Use the plumbing fixture table to determine the number and type of plumbing fixtures. Prior to this calculation, what must be done with the total number of occupants determined to inhabit the space? (lecture wk 10 notes pg 32) - answer-Divide the occupant by 50% male/female Typically the longest path of travel length to a public or private restroom shall not exceed? - answer-500' and the path cannot pass through kitchens, storage, or closets What aspects of an interior design project might require collaboration with a mechanical engineer? - answer-Location of walls and ceilings and selection of lighting fixtures Coordination of ceiling heights due to duct work and supply/diffuser grill locations What are the two main mechanical codes (IMC + UMC)? - answer-International Mechanical Code and the Uniform Mechanical Code The size and location of mechanical rooms is important. Why? - answer-Minimum Door Widths Unobstructed Pathways Working space Fire-rated walls Heating and Cooling Loads - answer-glazing, heat generating elements Zoning + Thermostats - answer-zoning similar temperature requirements together, special use conditions (user control) Ventilation: - answer-mixing outside air with inside air (natural vs mechanical) This is a ready-made, profiled, or finished carpentry element produced in a mill. It includes moldings, trims, and factory-produced cabinets - answer-Millwork What are some functions of molding and trim? - answer-•Conceal joints at the intersection of the floor and the wall or wall and ceiling •Cover rough edges at doors, windows, other openings •Protect surfaces What is the 10-Percent Rule? - answer-A lower rating for the material is permitted when the material is attached and evenly distributed within the wall/ceiling application and does not exceed 10 percent of the wall or ceiling. What is the difference between and standing trim and a running trim? - answer-Standing trim typically is a fixed length of material (window or door casing) Running trim is sold as a continuous length (cornices, chair rails, baseboards, etc.) millwork Sustainability: - answer-•Wood should be sources responsibly (Forest Stewardship Council or FSC) •Millwork should not contain urea-formaldehyde •Adhesives and sealants should not exceed or completely omit VOC content Casework is a term used for what type of grade cabinetry? - answer-Commercial What are the three architectural grades of casework construction? - answer-Economy Grade Custom Grade Premium Grade How deep are standard counters? - answer-25" with integrated backsplash The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association (BFMA) is responsible for setting what? - answer-Safety and Performance Standards Furniture sold for commercial use if often called what? - answer-Contract Furniture