CEM 142 EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+

CEM 142 EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+ bond BREAKING ABSORB energy from surroundings -requires energy to overcome bond FORMING RELEASE energy to surroundings effective nuclear charge charge felt by valence electrons -increase in ENC attracts electrons more strongly toward the nucleus Coulomb's Law opposite charges attract -like charges repel F=kq1q2/r^2 electron pair geometry SHAPE INCLUDING LONE PAIRS -count as bonds molecular shape not including lone pairs stronger IMFs... higher boiling point state function depend only on initial and final states -P,V,T First law of Thermodynamics energy can be neither created nor destroyed enthalpy heat absorbed of emitted during a reaction under constant pressure entropy measure of the number of possible arrangements for a given state -for the universe, always increases concerning entropy, higher the temperature smaller the effect on entropy delta G=0 at equilibrium -during a phase change -rates of reactions are the same, no net change saturated no more solute will dissolve -no more available solvent to interact with immiscible solute and solvent DO NOT mix up, forming two layers -ex: oil and water miscible solute and solvent MIX up and form a solution that will not unmix using a volumetric flask add solute FIRST and then fill solvent to given line on flask parts per million 1 microgram (mu) of solute per g of solution parts per billion 1 ng of solute per g of solution