PMHNP certification Exam Questions And Well Elaborated Answers.

CAGE - correct answer items responses are scored either 1 or 0. A score 2 or higher is considered clinically significant OCD - correct answer obsessive thoughts interfere with your daily life -are you concern about things being contaminated, keeping things in perfect order -do you feel driven to perform certain acts over and over again? -have unwanted images or thought that you cant seem to get out of your head layman's explanation of mental illness - correct answer Abnormal functioning of neurotransmitters. Neuroanatomical differences have been found in some cases. -can arise from multiple sources, not a single or consistent cause has been established biomedical psychiatry - correct answer mental illness is conceptualized as a disorder of the brain circuit caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factor state-dependent learning - correct answer when a memory is formed a new neural pathway is created. If the memory was formed under specific chemical conditions (on a drug, manic), then the pathway will be primed to work most effectively under these circumstances. -state-dependent learning in bipolar. Bipolar individuals in a depressed episode may not be able to recall details of manic episodes. Corroboration is needed. Assessment tools to screen for cognitive impairment - correct answer -folstein mini-mental: perfect score is 30. 24 impairment. If only 9th grade education 17 Abnormal sodium levels - correct answer -increased: dehydration, methyldopa, -decreased: SIADH, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic disease. Abnormal Potassium levels - correct answer Increased: amiloride, spirolactone, lithium, propranolol. Decreased alpha 1 antagonists - correct answer -vasodilator and used for hypertension -raynauds -PTSD and GAD -benign prostatic hyperplasia (tamsulosin) -agonism: vasoconstrictor -trazadone and many antipsychotics ESR-erythrocyte sedimentation rate - correct answer high values indicate autoimmune, malignancies, infections absolute neurophil count calculations - correct answer total WBC x percentage of neurophil in differential=ANC Calcium - correct answer -increased: 10.8 caused by hyperparathyroidism from tumor of renal disease, lithium PET vs. fMRI - correct answer measures brain activity by associated changes in blood flow. Relies on fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity are coupled. -In addition, PET has the advantage of being able to identify specific receptors associated with neurotransmitter through its ability to image radioactive ligands ELISA testing - correct answer -first screen with ELISA. ELISA tests for HIV antibodies. Vast majority of HIV positive people have detectable antibodies by 3 months after exposure. Splitting - correct answer the individual segregates experiences in to all-good or all-bad, with no room for ambiguity or ambivalence. displacement - correct answer separation of emotion from it object of discontent and redirected to a less threatening and intimidating --example: displaced aggression- If expressing or dismay to the source of the anger could lead to negative consequences, we may rather than express our angry to a person or object that pose no threat. introjecion - correct answer a process whereby an individual unconsciously incorporates the qualities of another person into his or her ego structure Gestalt Therapy - correct answer emphasizes personal responsibility. Cultivate a greater self-awareness and mindfulness. -greater self-awareness of mind and body -chair technique: a role-playing exercise. The client is asked to adopt one role in one chair, and another in the other chair (e.g. plays parent and then plays child) Hyperprolactinemia and Risperidone - correct answer -prolactin levels peak the first 6 to 8 weeks -returns to normal range in 3 t0 5 months -hyperprolactinemia is dose-dependent -osteopenia, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia -get baseline, repeat in two months. ask about nipple discharge, menstruation, sexual dysfunction. If the patient has elevated prolactin after 2 months but no symptoms, repeat test in two months. Antipsychotics that cause the most hypotension - correct answer olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine Rett Syndrome - correct answer -more common in females--the mutation arises from the X chromosome. -onset before first birthday -loss of skills already acquired: speech and purposeful hand movement -delayed head growth, scoliosis, ataxia Tourettes - correct answer -tics must be present for at least a year before diagnosis -must have motor and vocal tic -abnormalities in the basal ganglia andd dopamine system are implicated -First use guanfascine or clonidine. if doesnt work then use risperidone autism - correct answer appears before the age of 3. Difficulty with communication -pervasive failure to form social relationships -problems with communication