UNC BIO 252 Exam I Questions And Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

Central Nervous System (CNS) - Answer-brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Answer-the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body. What are the three main functions of the nervous system - Answer-Sensory - gather information (stimuli) = afferent division (PNS) Integrate - process information = CNS Motor - action in response to stimuli = efferent division (PNS) What does Amitotic mean and what part of the nervous system does it impact? - Answer-Amitotic - cannot undergo mitosis affects neurons meaning that new ones cannot be made, so damaged neurons affect the pathways as new ones cannot take their place. What are the three main regions of the neuron - Answer-receptive - dendrite, soma conducting - axon, axon hillock, myelin sheath secretory - telondendria, axon terminals/synaptic knobs What are the 3 functional groups of neurons? - Answer-sensory/afferent - carry signal to CNS Interneurons - association areas, relay messages within CNS Motor/efferent - carry signal away from CNS to muscles/glands What are the 6 neuroglial cells? - Answer-Astrocyte - anchor, repair, BBB Oligodendrocyte - myelinate Microglial - phagocytes Ependymal - circulate CSF Schwann (PNS) - myelinateSatellite -surrounds and supports cell bodies What are two differences between Schwann and Oligodendrocytes? - Answer-PNS vs CNS Schwann are segmented with in different neuclei Oligo. is one continuous cell body timing of myelination: fetal in PNS, CNS is later Oligo myelinates multiple axons, Schwann only 1 What are the two types of Membrane proteins? - Answer-Integral - entire width of membrane (if reaches both sides is transmembrane proteins) Peripheral - one side of membrane, sometimes anchored by cytoskeletan What type of molecules participates in simple/facilitated diffusion? - Answer-Non polar molecules - simple Polar/ionic compounds - facilitated What are the three types of carrier proteins? - Answer-Uniporter - transports single solute Antiporter - two different solutes in opposite directions symporter - two solutes in the same direction Why is the resting Membrane Potential negative? - Answer-The movement of positive ions out of the cell through leak channels creates a relatively negative charge inside the cell K+ or Na+? Which diffuses through leak channels more easily? Which's movement into the cell is favored? - Answer-K+ K+ movement out, Na+ movement in is favored