C182 (Introduction to IT) - Flashcards

Assembly and machine language are examples of which type of programming language? - correct answer These are examples of *low-level programming languages*. JavaScript, Python, PHP, and JSP are examples of what type of programming language? - correct answer These are examples of *scripting languages*. BASIC, C, C++, FORTRAN, and LISP are examples of which kind of programming language? - correct answer These are known as *high-level programming languages*. A system comprised of different parts working together to accomplish a goal is known as what? - correct answer This loosely defines *Information Technology.* Maintaining computer systems, installing hardware/software, configuring OSs, and performing some scripting are the roles of which type of administrator? - correct answer These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Systems Administrator*. Running wire, working with network hardware, configuring machines for network communication, and troubleshooting the network are roles of which type of administrator? - correct answer These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Network Administrator*. Designing, developing, and supporting DBMSs (Database Management Systems) are roles of which type of administrator? - correct answer These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Database Administrator*. Installing, configuring, and administering firewall security are some of the roles of which type of administrator? - correct answer These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Security Administrator*. Installing, configuring, maintaining, securing, and troubleshooting web servers are the roles of which type of administrator? These admins may be referred to as a "webmaster" and may or may not be responsible for the server hardware. - correct answer These are typically the roles associated with a *Web Administrator*. What are some skills desired for IT personnel? - correct answer Troubleshooting/problem-solving, knowledge of operating systems, system level programming (scripting), system security, hardware. Information can be defined as _________ data. - correct answer Processed Is data *more* or *less* structured than information? - correct answer Data is *less* structured than information. __________ is the output of some process. - correct answer Information What does DIKW refer to? - correct answer Data - Information - Knowledge - Wisdom What is the difference between information and data? - correct answer Data consists of raw inputs, whereas information consists of data that has been processed into more useful material. A set of tools, such as computer hardware & software, and the people that use these tools in order to manipulate data to obtain information describes what? - correct answer This is an *Information System*. What 5 characteristics does *quality data* consist of? - correct answer Relevant - timely - thorough - accurate - reliable What does *IPO* / *IPO+S* refer to? - correct answer Input - Processing - Output - Storage What four operations does a computer perform? - correct answer IPO / IPO+S - Input - Processing - Output - Storage The physical components of the computer are referred to as what? - correct answer The physical components of the computer are referred to as *hardware*. Programs and other operating information used by the computer is known as what? - correct answer Software A collection of computers and resources connected by various media to enable communication with each other refers to what in a computer system? - correct answer A *computer network*. The people who use the computer system are known as what? - correct answer Users What is a network protocol? - correct answer A standard set of rules used to determine how networks communicate with each other. What is the most common network protocol? - correct answer TCP/IP What are the 4 main components of a computer system? - correct answer CPU - memory - input/output (I/O) - bus The hardware in a computer that executes instructions and commands the computer components is known as what? - correct answer This is the *Central Processing Unit* (CPU). What contains peripheral devices (mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc) used for input, output, and long-term storage? - correct answer The *I/O system*. What stores programs being executed and the data that the programs use? - correct answer Computer memory (RAM) The component on the motherboard that consists of several wires and allows hardware to communicate with other hardware on the motherboard. - correct answer The system *bus*. The main circuit board which houses the CPU, memory chips, and expansion cards in any computer. - correct answer The *motherboard*. The device used for long-term storage that saves data even when the computer is shut down. - correct answer The *hard drive*. A video card or wireless network card may be located in an _______________ slot. - correct answer Expansion A CPU consists of what two parts? - correct answer The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the CU (control unit). What controls the speed at which instructions are processed? - correct answer The *system clock*. What retrieves instructions and raw input data and sends that data to the ALU for processing? - correct answer The *Control Unit* (CU). What does the actual processing of the data, sent by the CU, to display on the screen? - correct answer The *Arithmetic Logic Unit* (ALU). What is the measurement unit used to identify the clock speed of today's computers (Hz, MHz, GHz, etc)? - correct answer The clock speed of computers today is measured in *GHz*. A computer can only run programs if it has a sufficient amount of ___________. - correct answer Memory Is system memory used for short-term storage or long-term storage? - correct answer Short-term storage What are the two main forms of RAM? - correct answer Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). What does ROM stand for? - correct answer ROM stands for read-only memory. What does BIOS stand for? - correct answer BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. Where is the BIOS stored? - correct answer In the ROM chip located on the motherboard. What is the smallest unit of storage in a computer system? - correct answer A bit is the smallest unit of storage. How many bits are in a *byte*? - correct answer There are 8 bits in 1 byte. What would a *docking station* be used for? - correct answer A docking station allows a laptop or tablet to function like a desktop and provides more peripherals. Vacuum tubes, relay switches, and the need to program in machine language are characteristics of which generation of computers? - correct answer These are characteristics of the *first generation* of computers. What replaced vacuum tubes around the year 1959? - correct answer Transistors. Magnetic core memory, along with the introduction of transistors, led to which generation of computers? - correct answer These innovations led to the *second generation* of computers. What was invented in 1964, incorporated dozens of transistors, and brought about the third generation of computers? - correct answer The *silicon chip*, also known as a printed circuit or integrated circuit (IC). In which generation did computers become cheap enough for organizations to purchase them? - correct answer This occurred during the *third generation* of computers. Which generation of computers introduced simple operating systems? - correct answer Operating systems were introduced in the *third generation* of computers. Which generation of computers led to the rise of computer networking? - correct answer The need to connect "dumb" terminals to an organizations main computer (mainframe) during the *third generation* of computers led to the rise of computer networks. What was introduced by IBM in the year 1974 that led to the fourth generation of computers? - correct answer The *single-chip processor*, also known as a /microprocessor/, made computers small enough to sit on a person's desk, which brought about the fourth generation of computers. What is the most recent generation of computers? - correct answer The *fourth generation* is the most recent generation of computers. In which generation of computers were GUIs (graphical user interfaces) introduced? - correct answer GUIs were introduced in the *fourth generation* of computers. What is a pipelined CPU? - correct answer A CPU in which the fetch-execute cycle is overlapped. The earliest computers were programmed in __________ language. - correct answer The earliest computers were programmed in *machine language*. What was the earliest language translator? - correct answer *Assemblers* were the earliest language translators and they translated assembly programs into machine language. An improved class of language *translators*, which allowed code to be written in a more English-like way, is known as what? - correct answer A *compiler*. The languages are called /high-level languages/. Which form of programming utilizes GOTO statements and allows the programmer to transfer control from any location in a program to anywhere else in a program? - correct answer *Structured programming* Which form of programming is organized around objects rather than actions, and data rather than logic? - correct answer *Object-oriented programming* (OOP) A ________ is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into machine language. This type of language translator's output is not portable. - correct answer A *compiler* is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into machine language. Compiled languages aren't portable. Compiled languages must be written all at once before testing. An _____________ is a computer program that executes source code "on the fly", without requiring that the program be completely written first. - correct answer An *interpreter* is a computer program that executes source code "on the fly", without requiring that the program be completely written first. A collection of computers and computer resources connected in such a way that the computers can communicate with each other and share resources is known as what? - correct answer Network / computer network Which form of physical connection media uses light pulses for data transmission? - correct answer Fiber / Fiber-optic cable Which form of physical connection media uses electricity for data transmission? - correct answer Coax / Coaxial and twisted pair cable Which form of connection media uses radio waves for data transmission? - correct answer Radio and cell towers. The amount of data that can be transmitted over a unit of time refers to what? - correct answer Bandwidth A device that connects multiple computers together. Broadcasts the transmission to every device on the network. - correct answer Network hub A device that connects multiple computers together. Sends the transmission to only the intended device. - correct answer A *network switch*. A device that connects multiple networks. - correct answer Router A device connected to a hub, switch, or router that sends out wireless signals so that computers can connect to the network without a cable. Requires a wireless network card. - correct answer A *wireless