Pharmacology Exam 2

Your patient is taking Digoxin and Hydrocholorthiazide. You will be giving the patient local anesthesia so you can SRP. What will you need to observe this patient for during the appointment? - correct answer arrhythmias, potentiated by hypokalemia (diuretics) Digoxin (cardiac glucoside) increases the contractility or strength of contractions by increasing the myocardial contractility. Digoxin will - correct answer directly increases cardiac output elective oral health care after MI is contraindicated for 6 months - correct answer to allow the heart a chance to repair itself A patient just had a tooth removed due to decay. Medical/Health history shows a history of stroke & is taking 5mg Warfarin daily. He asks if he can take aspirin for the pain after the numbness is gone. Your response would be - correct answer acetaminophen would be the best choice for pain control Your patient is taking Hydrochlorothiazide for her high blood pressure. When monitoring the effect of a diuretic, it is important to assess the client for - correct answer electrolyte imbalance Chronic hypertension is treated by five primary classes of drugs. - correct answer -angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors -diuretics -calcium channel blockers (NOT adrenergic receptors) Your next patient is taking isosorbide mononitrate for - correct answer angina pectoris Russel is a 48 year old male with minor hypertension. Which of the following would be the first line of treatment for him - correct answer weight reduction plan Jerry is a 68 year old male with a history of high blood pressure. He is taking the ACE inhibitor, Enalapril (Vasotec) to control the high blood pressure. Knowing the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors include all of the following - correct answer -a persistant cough -postural hypotension -headache -dry mouth and angioedema A friend of yours is taking the following antineoplastic medication regimen consisting of: Cytoxan, Fluorouracil and Vincristine for her chemotherapy following the detection of breast cancer. Which of the following adverse effects can she experience - correct answer bleeding and bruising lower blood counts nausea, vomiting and diarrhea nervous system toxicity Which intervention would be appropriate for the patient taking antineoplastic agents who has oral lesions and oral pain - correct answer obtain an order to Zylocaine viscous rinse from the dentist Your patient is using a diuretic, Lasix, to treat hypertension. The drug lowers the plasma volume! This describes the drug's - correct answer mechanism of action Drugs that decrease the heart rate include - correct answer cholinergic (stimulate parasympathetic system) Ann, age 67, has mild chronic Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and takes Spironolactone 25mg PO daily to relieve fluid retention. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances may occur with this drug therapy - correct answer it's potassium sparing! (No hypokalemia) Patients taking antineoplastic agents who have mucositis and oral pain are often prescribed a mouth rinse to coat, sooth and numb the oral cavity. Your patient is using BMX(Benadryl, Maalox and Xylocaine); what instructions do you give them? - correct answer -use saliva substitutes, ice chips & frequent sips of water -avoid alcohol, acidic and spicy foods -rinse with 5ml of BMX prior to meals (NOT swish BMX for 2 minutes and swallow) Which of the following is a true statement regarding angina pectoris - correct answer it is a severe chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart your patient begins to complain of chest pain and wants to get out of the chair. You sit him up slowly and administer nitroglycerin; what's the max in 10min - correct answer 3 tablets when assessing a patients knowledge about proper use of nitroglycerin, your patient should NOT state - correct answer if i don't experience relief after 4 tabs, I will call EMS Your patient is taking Loop or Thiazide diuretics, you advise him to eat potassium rich foods after including - correct answer orange juice (citrus) Orthostatic hypotension- teach patient to - correct answer move slowly from lying to standing position Your patient is taking cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant therapy; this makes him at risk for - correct answer gingival enlargement the most common symptom for untreated hypertension - correct answer nothing Indicate patient is receiving too much Warfarin - correct answer INR 5.5 Which is not a sign/symptom of heart failure - correct answer slow heart rate (62bpm) Oral signs of eating disorders include - correct answer -decreased salivary flow -erosive tooth wear Symptoms of GERD are exacerbated by - correct answer lying in a supine position The medication most likely to damage the lining of the stomach in individuals with gastrointestinal disease is - correct answer aspirin A serious consequence of anorexia nervosa is - correct answer arrhythmia One of your patients needs an extraction. To ensure the patient's bleeding time will be normal, how long do you have to wait to perform the procedure after he or she has taken aspirin? - correct answer 1 week Your patient has a medical history of Cardiovascular disease and is taking Warfarin. After you finish scaling in quadrant 3 you notice that it continues to bleed after 2 minutes. The first treatment the clinician should try is - correct answer to apply digital pressure Your patient has just had a tooth removed from decay. He has a health history of stroke and is taking 5mg of Warfarin daily. He asks if he can take aspirin for the pain after the numbness is gone. Your response would be - correct answer acetaminophen would be the best choice for pain control In GERD, reflux occurs as a result of - correct answer reduced function of the vagus nerve Which one of the following drugs should not be given concurrently with Doxycycline? - correct answer Cimetidine Which of the following drugs has the potential to cause severe diarrhea? - correct answer Clindamycin A patient who has been taking 20mg of Prednisone daily for 5 years is to have three teeth pulled. This is a stressful situation for the patient. How many miligrams of Prednisone should the patient receive the day of the appointment? - correct answer the patient's physician should be consulted to determine Which of the following adverse effects are associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids? - correct answer oral candidiasis cough tachycardia xerostomia which of the following drugs is an antitussive? - correct answer codeine a disease characterized by irreversible airway obstruction is - correct answer emphysema Your patient is taking Claritin for allergies, which is an H1 histamine antagonist. You know which of the following is NOT true - correct answer it is effective in treating anaphylaxis (true: helps treat vertigo, relieves sneezing & itching of the eyes, commonly used to make meth, alcohol should be avoided when taking) Which of the following drugs provides rescue relief (acute) of bronchospasms? - correct answer albuterol Glucocorticoids are hormones that are extremely effective at reducing inflammation. All of the following are adverse effects - correct answer -delayed healing -increased incidence of infection -osteoporosis -cushing's disease HBP, taking ACE inhibitor Enalapril (Vasotec). Adverse effects? - correct answer -a persistent cough -postural hypotension -headache -dry mouth and angioedema After which of the following drugs used to treat asthma should the dental hygienist instruct the patient to rinse the mouth? - correct answer Beclomethasone Which of the following drugs is the drug of choice for the quick relief of bronchospasm? - correct answer Albuterol Which of the following drugs may be contraindicated in asthmatics? - correct answer aspirin Which of the following drugs is classified as a β2-agonist bronchodilator? - correct answer albuterol Which of th