INTRODUCTION
T 0
#
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
, 't
INTRItnttasclENTITICEREASONING-asychap.hr
of
1 :
Psychology is a
way thinking
.
psychological science is based on studies ( research ) by
psychologists
(
↳
psychologists = empiricists basing conclusions
on systematic observations )
=/ intuition
.
Research producers
↳ e.
g. studying brain anatomy , documenting behavior
of questionnaires
dolphins , administering personality ,
etc .
research
= .
working as scientists 1
professors
.
Research consumers
to it to
↳
reading about research apply their work
,
hobbies relationships personal etc
, , growth ,
.
↳ e.
g. working as a therapist ,
teacher , entrepreneur ,
guidance counselor ,
etc .
= . most psychologists engage in both roles
planning often requires Studying the
↳ research
work of others
↳
producers and Consumers share commitment
practice of (
,
to the empiricism
answering questions
direct
with ,
formal observations Communicating
with others about what they've learned
to the
understanding research methods enables you ask
•
right questions in order to evaluate information
correctly
↳ not every information you read is right or
based on research ?
be
knowing how to interpret published research with
critical is crucial ?
a
eye
↳
e.g. knowing the research behind evidence-based .
treatments
your research methods skills will help become a better
•
you
Consumer of studies
, scientists are empiricists
.
be intuition casual
not basing conclusions on ,
observation
or what other people say
.
Empiricism ( empirical method I research )
↳
using evidence from human senses + instruments ( e.g.
timers questionnaires etc ) as basis for Conclusion
,
.
,
↳
systematic , rigorous ,
make their work independently
verifiable by other observers
The
•
Theory -
Data Cycle
↳ scientists data for their theories
collect
e.
g. Tablet 's weather app doesn't work :
The both
1.
Theory :
app requires a
working
device
wireless connection and a
working
2 that to
.
asking certain
questions relate
this ( work ? Is
theory Does my
device
it the internet connection ? )
3 .
questions lead to predictions ( My device
doesn't work Us .
it's the internet )
( e.g. for wireless
4
Running tests checking non -
.
apps as well as
apps that require Wifi )
5 .
Data tells
you wetter prediction is right or
work hence
Wrong ( e.g. non -
wireless apps ,
the device can run apps )
6.
Change of prediction ( it's
only wireless -
based
apps )
=D systematic steps to solve a problem
, The comfort
cupboard theory the contact theory
•
us .
↳ babies close
enjoy
his
babies to
cling
mother because Contact / comfort
of food ( pos .
) (
Harry Harlow )
•
natural World can't serve as an observation place
b. mothers feed and nurish children .
hence
,
you can It tell which of them is the
the gets attached
reason
baby
=D solution : separate two influences ( explanations )
↳ (
" "
artificial environment one mother provides
food and one Comfort )
•
3 possible outcomes ( food -
,
comfort mother /
equally divided time )
=D contact comfort confirmed
theory
}
theory -
Bo
* two
theories
suptpworqpragdighjggs
→ → data
dcaytge
Theory
.
→ A theory is a set of statements that describes
general principles about how variables
to one
relate
another .
•
Hypothesis
→ A
hypothesis ,
or prediction ,
is the specific outcome
the to
researcher expects observe in a
study
if the
theory is accurate .
to
↳ a single theory Can lead multiple
hypotheses because a single study is
not enough to test an entire theory ,
only parts of it
•
DATA
b. Data are a set of observations
↳ the data is consistent
depending on wetter
with hypothesis ,
it may either support or
challenge a
theory
T 0
#
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
, 't
INTRItnttasclENTITICEREASONING-asychap.hr
of
1 :
Psychology is a
way thinking
.
psychological science is based on studies ( research ) by
psychologists
(
↳
psychologists = empiricists basing conclusions
on systematic observations )
=/ intuition
.
Research producers
↳ e.
g. studying brain anatomy , documenting behavior
of questionnaires
dolphins , administering personality ,
etc .
research
= .
working as scientists 1
professors
.
Research consumers
to it to
↳
reading about research apply their work
,
hobbies relationships personal etc
, , growth ,
.
↳ e.
g. working as a therapist ,
teacher , entrepreneur ,
guidance counselor ,
etc .
= . most psychologists engage in both roles
planning often requires Studying the
↳ research
work of others
↳
producers and Consumers share commitment
practice of (
,
to the empiricism
answering questions
direct
with ,
formal observations Communicating
with others about what they've learned
to the
understanding research methods enables you ask
•
right questions in order to evaluate information
correctly
↳ not every information you read is right or
based on research ?
be
knowing how to interpret published research with
critical is crucial ?
a
eye
↳
e.g. knowing the research behind evidence-based .
treatments
your research methods skills will help become a better
•
you
Consumer of studies
, scientists are empiricists
.
be intuition casual
not basing conclusions on ,
observation
or what other people say
.
Empiricism ( empirical method I research )
↳
using evidence from human senses + instruments ( e.g.
timers questionnaires etc ) as basis for Conclusion
,
.
,
↳
systematic , rigorous ,
make their work independently
verifiable by other observers
The
•
Theory -
Data Cycle
↳ scientists data for their theories
collect
e.
g. Tablet 's weather app doesn't work :
The both
1.
Theory :
app requires a
working
device
wireless connection and a
working
2 that to
.
asking certain
questions relate
this ( work ? Is
theory Does my
device
it the internet connection ? )
3 .
questions lead to predictions ( My device
doesn't work Us .
it's the internet )
( e.g. for wireless
4
Running tests checking non -
.
apps as well as
apps that require Wifi )
5 .
Data tells
you wetter prediction is right or
work hence
Wrong ( e.g. non -
wireless apps ,
the device can run apps )
6.
Change of prediction ( it's
only wireless -
based
apps )
=D systematic steps to solve a problem
, The comfort
cupboard theory the contact theory
•
us .
↳ babies close
enjoy
his
babies to
cling
mother because Contact / comfort
of food ( pos .
) (
Harry Harlow )
•
natural World can't serve as an observation place
b. mothers feed and nurish children .
hence
,
you can It tell which of them is the
the gets attached
reason
baby
=D solution : separate two influences ( explanations )
↳ (
" "
artificial environment one mother provides
food and one Comfort )
•
3 possible outcomes ( food -
,
comfort mother /
equally divided time )
=D contact comfort confirmed
theory
}
theory -
Bo
* two
theories
suptpworqpragdighjggs
→ → data
dcaytge
Theory
.
→ A theory is a set of statements that describes
general principles about how variables
to one
relate
another .
•
Hypothesis
→ A
hypothesis ,
or prediction ,
is the specific outcome
the to
researcher expects observe in a
study
if the
theory is accurate .
to
↳ a single theory Can lead multiple
hypotheses because a single study is
not enough to test an entire theory ,
only parts of it
•
DATA
b. Data are a set of observations
↳ the data is consistent
depending on wetter
with hypothesis ,
it may either support or
challenge a
theory
