Bio 101 NVCC Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED

Bio 101 NVCC Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED What is metabolism? - ANSWER the totality of an organism's chemical reactions What is a metabolic pathway? What is required in each step? - ANSWER is a series of chemical reactions which begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product Each step needs an enzyme What is difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways? - ANSWER Catabolic pathways-release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds Anabolic pathways -consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones What is ATP molecule consists of? Why is it unstable? - ANSWER is composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groupsThe triphosphate tail of ATP is the chemical equivalent of a compressed spring What is a catalyst? - ANSWER is a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction What are the three things required for any reaction to occur? - ANSWER How does an enzyme lowers the activation energy of the substrate? - ANSWER Enzyme can speed up a reaction by lowering the EA barrier without itself being consumed, also by right orientation of molecules. Which factors affect enzyme activity? - ANSWER temperature pH substrate concentration How competitive and non competitive inhibitors differ from each other? - ANSWER Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective What are the examples of inhibitors? - ANSWER toxins, poisons, pesticides, and antibiotics What is a feedback inhibition? - ANSWER the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway What are the laws of thermodynamics? - ANSWER the energy of the universe is constant, Every energy transfer or transform