IB Biology semester 1 Latest Version Graded A+

IB Biology semester 1 Latest Version Graded A+ Cells Smallest functional unit of an organism What are the principles of cell theory? 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are smallest unit of life 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells What are the properties of life? Metabolism Reproduction Growth Response Excretion Homeostasis Nutrition Prokaryotic cells Single cell which has neither a distinct nucleus or organelles can be an organism (e.g. bacteria) Flagella, Pilli, plasmid, cell membrane, slime capsule, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm and nucleoid Eukaryotes Cell with a true nucleus, nuclear membrane and organelles Specialization An adaptation of an organism or organ to a special function or environment Stem cells Cells that are not fully differentiated and have multiple potential genes expressed, can replace damaged cells What are parts of a prokaryotic cell? Cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleoid, flagella, cytoplasm, ribosome, pili Cell wall Structure outside plasma membrane Plasma membrane Membrane enclosing cytoplasm that controls what goes in and out of cell Nuceloid Condensed area of DNA within cell Flagella Provides means of movement Cytoplasm Material within a cell that contains organelles and DNA Ribosome Synthesizes proteins Pili Hairlike structure outside of cell used for attachment and reproduction 6 stages of binary fission 1. DNA coiled and condensed 2. Replicates 3. Pulled to opposite cell sides 4. Cell wall pinches and pulls to the middle 5. Cell wall divides causing cell division 6. Result in 2 daughter cells Lysosome Contains enzymes for digestion Nucleus Holds cell DNA and maintains cell function Rough endoplasmic reticulum Secretes proteins, studded with ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Produces