NCLEX Fluid & Electrolytes Questions and Answers with accurate solution

NCLEX Fluid & Electrolytes Questions and Answers with accurate solution A patient is admitted to the emergency department with hypovolemia. Which IV solution should the nurse anticipate administering? 1. 3% sodium chloride 2. 10% dextrose in water 3. 0.45% sodium chloride 4. lactated Ringer's solution - 4. Ringer's solution is an isotonic, balanced electrolyte solution that can expand plasma volume and help restore electrolyte balance. 3% NaCl - hypertonic 0.45% NaCl - maintenance soln 10% dextrose - hypertonic Which manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in a patient with fluid volume deficit? 1. Headache and muscle cramps 2. Dyspnea and respiratory crackles 3. Increased pulse rate and blood pressure 4. Orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins - 4. In fluid volume deficit, there is less volume in the vascular system, which decreases venous return and cardiac output, leading to manifestations of dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, and flat neck veins. The nurse is planning care for a patient with acute hypernatremia. What should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? (Select all that apply) 1. Maintain IV access 2. Limit length of visits 3. Restrict fluids to 1500 mL per day 4. Conduct frequent neurologic checks 5. Orient to time, place, and person every 2 hours. - 1, 4, 5 Frequent neurologic checks are necessary as hypernatremia draws water out of brain cells, causing them to shrink. As the brain shrinks, tension is placed on cerebral vessels, which may cause them to tear and bleed. Hypernatremia affects mental status and brain function including orientation to time, place, and person. Fluid replacement is the primary treatment for hypernatremia. A patient's serum potassium level is 2.2 mEq/L. Which nursing action is the highest priority for this patient? 1. Start oxygen at 2 L/min 2. Initiate cardiac monitoring 3. Initiate seizure precautions 4. Keep the patient on bed rest - 2. Hypokalemia affects nerve impulse transmission, including the transission of cardiac impulses. May develop ECG changes The nurse instructs a patient on calcium supplement therapy. Which statement indicates that the patient understands how to take calcium supplementation? 1. I will take the calcium with meals 2. I will take the calcium with a full glass of water 3. I will take these supplements as need for tremulousness 4. I will take these supplements all at one time in the morning. - 2. Calcium should be taken with full glass of water.