NCLEX Fluid and Electrolyte Questions with correct answers

NCLEX Fluid and Electrolyte Questions with correct answers The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On Assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present? 1 - weight loss 2 - Flat neck and head veins 3 - An increase in BP 4 - Decreased central venous pressure - 3 - Increase in BP Reason: -Dyspneic - difficulty breathing and crackles are findings of fluid volume excess (overhydration) -The other symptoms would not match because they should be the opposite (weight gain, distended veins, elevated CVP) The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of which situation? 1 - Sustained tissue damage 2 - Requires nasogastric suction 3 - Has a history of Addison's disease 4 - Is taking potassium-retaining diuretics - 2 - Required nasogastric suction Reason: - Hyopkalemia - potassium deficit (normal levels 3.5 mEq/L - 5.0 mEq/L) - The other points are risks for HYPERkalemia The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5 mEq/L. Which pattern would the nurse note on the electrolyte cardiogram as a result of the lab value? 1 - U waves 2 - Absent P waves 3 - Elevated T waves 4 - Elevated ST segment - 1 - U waves Reason: - Level is below normal limit (HYPO) - This results in the following ECG results: ST depression, shallow/flat/inverted T wave, prominent U wave The nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride IV as prescribed to client with hypokalemia. The instructor determines that the student is unprepared if the student states that which action is part of the plan for preparation and administration of the potassium? 1 - obtaining IV infusion pump 2 - Monitoring urine output during administration 3 - Preparing the medication for bolus administration 4 - Ensuring the med is diluted in the appropriate amount of normal saline - 3 - Preparing for bolus administration Reason: - Bolus = IV push - Potassium is NEVER given by IV push (AKA bolus) The nurse provides instructions to a client with a low potassium level about the foods that are high in potassium and tells them to consume which of the following (select all that apply)? 1 - Peas 2 - Raisins 3 - Potatoes 4 - Cantaloupe 5 - Cauliflower 6 - Strawberries - Raisins, Potatoes, cantaloupe, strawberries The nurse is reviewing lab results and notes that a client's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the level to the health care provider and they prescribe dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which food does the client need to avoid? 1 - Peas 2 - Nuts 3 - Cauliflower 4 - Processed oat cereals - 4 - Processed oat cereal Reason: - Normal levels: 135 - 145 mEq/L - The patient has an elevated level meaning they should not consume sodium rich foods, and processed foods have elevated amounts of sodium