PCT Fresenius Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

What are the functions of a healthy kidney? Correct Answer REGULATE, SYNTHESIS, ENDOCRINE: Regulate fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes, acid-base balance, synthesize calcitrol (active vitamin D), secrete erythropoietin and release renin what is the glomerular filtration rate in the five stages of kidney disease? Correct Answer flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney stage 1: 90+ stage 2:60-89 stage 3: 30-59 stage 4: 15-29 stage 5: <15 what are the types and stages of kidney failure? Correct Answer acute renal failure: sudden onset, severe, usually reversible. can be caused by drug toxicity, dehydration, or motor vehicle accident Chronic renal failure: slow onset, progressive, permanent. can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, or genetic disease such as glomerulonephritis or nephrosclerosis what are the signs and symptoms of renal failure or uremia? Correct Answer elevated serum levels of BUN/Creatinine, phosphorus, potassium. anemia, nerve damage, yellow-gray appearance of skin, fluid overload, dyspnea, edema, hypertension, proteinuria, uremia, lethargy, weakness, headache, itching, fatigue, nausea restlessness, mental change, loss of appetite. what is anemia and how is it treated? Correct Answer lack of RBC (decreased or lack of erythropoietin production). iron binds with hemoglobin in RBC and transports oxygen. it is treated using erythropoieting stimulating agents and usually administered IV. which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? Correct Answer removal of waste products and regulation of fluid balance. dialysis does not regulate endocrine production list briefly and describe three modalities of treatment for end stage renal disease Correct Answer Hemodialysis: uses vascular access to draw blood from patient and send to dialyzer and into semipermeable membrane where diffusion removes waste products and ultrafiltration removes fluid. provides approximately 15% of the normal function of the kidney. peritoneal dialysis: continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. both types use permanent catheter in highly vascularized