QUESTION 1
1.1 Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. Give reasons for
your answer.
a) For this module, the level of significance is always given as 0,005.
False. Because the level of significance can vary depending on the study design,
the nature of the data, and the researcher's preferences. While 0.005 (or 5%) is a
commonly used significance level, it's not universally fixed for all modules or
studies.
b) A Type I error is made by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact
true.
True. A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true,
indicating that the researcher incorrectly concludes there is a significant effect or
difference.
c) If you get a negative value for the F-test, this means the test statistic falls
inside the rejection area.
False. The F-test statistic is non-negative, as it is the ratio of variances and follows an
F-distribution. Therefore, it cannot produce a negative value. Negative values for the F-
test statistic are not possible, and the interpretation of the F-test result depends on the
specific hypothesis test being conducted.
1.2 State whether the following alternative hypotheses are nondirectional or
directional. Justify your answer.
a) There is a significant difference between the performance of students in
Assessment 01 and Assessment 02.
1.1 Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. Give reasons for
your answer.
a) For this module, the level of significance is always given as 0,005.
False. Because the level of significance can vary depending on the study design,
the nature of the data, and the researcher's preferences. While 0.005 (or 5%) is a
commonly used significance level, it's not universally fixed for all modules or
studies.
b) A Type I error is made by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact
true.
True. A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true,
indicating that the researcher incorrectly concludes there is a significant effect or
difference.
c) If you get a negative value for the F-test, this means the test statistic falls
inside the rejection area.
False. The F-test statistic is non-negative, as it is the ratio of variances and follows an
F-distribution. Therefore, it cannot produce a negative value. Negative values for the F-
test statistic are not possible, and the interpretation of the F-test result depends on the
specific hypothesis test being conducted.
1.2 State whether the following alternative hypotheses are nondirectional or
directional. Justify your answer.
a) There is a significant difference between the performance of students in
Assessment 01 and Assessment 02.
