CFE: Fraud Prevention and Deterrence Latest 2024 Rated A+

CFE: Fraud Prevention and Deterrence Latest 2024 Rated A+ effective training programs U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guideline makes them necessary, also periodically & appropriately communicate program's compliance requirements & procedures to all employees affected by the program, including upper-level personnel - programs: inform employees about company's stance on corporate compliance and about what kinds of acts and omissions are prohibited by the law and by the organization. information and communication component of COSO's Internal Control-Integrated Framework: exchange of info so employees can carry out their internal control responsibilities and achieve the organization's objectives organization's principles: • obtain or generate & use relevant, quality info to support the functioning of internal control. • internally communicate info, like objectives & responsibilities for internal control, necessary to support the functioning of internal control. • communicate with external parties on matters affecting the functioning of internal control. gathering information during a fraud risk assessment • Interviews: effective way to conduct candid one-on-one conversations with employees • Focus groups: enable the assessor to observe the interactions among a group of employees as they collectively discuss a question or issue • Survey: electronic or paper questionnaires , anonymous or directly attributable to participants • Anonymous feedback mechanisms: means for anonymous employee suggestions or responses differential reinforcement theory people learn social behavior by operant conditioning, behavior controlled by stimuli that follow the behavior - Behavior is reinforced when positive rewards are gained or punishment is avoided (negative reinforcement) - behavior is weakened by negative stimuli (punishment) and loss of reward (negative punishment) - deviant or criminal behavior is begun or persists depends on the degree to which it has been rewarded or punished and the rewards or punishments attached to its alternatives. social control theory institutions of the social system train and press people into patterns of conformity. -Schools: adjustment in society - peers: ethos of success & conventional behavior - parents: law-abiding habits in their youngsters, even if themselves sometimes violate the rules thesis: to extent person fails to become attached to the variety of control agencies of the society, his chances of violating the law are increased. - "assumes the bond of affection for conventional persons is a major deterrent to crime. The stronger this bond, the more likely the person is to take it into account when and if he contemplates a criminal act." - "What will my spouse—or my mother and father—think if they find out?" theory of differential association developed by criminologist Edwin Sutherland: (1) criminal behavior is learned (2) learned from other people by communication (3) criminal behavior is acquired through participation with intimate personal groups (4) the learning process includes the shaping of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes (5) motives are learned from definitions of legal codes as being favorable or unfavorable (6) person becomes a criminal because of excess of definitions favorable to violation of the law over definitions unfavorable to violation of the law (7) differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity (8) learning criminal behavior involves all the mechanisms of other learning (9) learning differs from pure imitation