Pathophysiology Exam 1 Rasmussen EQuestions With Correct Solutions!!

passive immunity - Transfer of performed antibodies against a specific antigen from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized individual Examples of passive immunity - IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies) Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) - 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - 135-145 mEq/L Calcium value normal range - 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L Phosphate value normal range - 2.5-4.5 mg/dL Magnesium value normal range - 1.5-2.5 mEq/L Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - 23-30 mEq/L Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - hypokalemia Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - Hyperkalemia Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - hyponatremia / hypernatremia Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - hypernatremiacondition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - hypophophatemia Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - Hyperphosphatemia Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - hypochloremia Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - Hyperchloremia Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - hypomagnesemia Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - Hypermagesemia condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - hypocalcemia condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - hypercalcemia Pathophysiology - the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings Pathology - the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids Etiology - The study of the causes and origins of disease 4 topics of pathophysiology - etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment pathogenesis - development or evolution of a disease clinical manifestation - signs and symptoms or evidence of diseaseexacerbation - a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptom remission - decline in severity of symptoms sequela - a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous disease or injury acute - sudden onset and short duration chronic - long term Primary level of prevention - altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for susceptible persons Example of primary prevention - Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking drinking or poor diet. Secondary level of prevention - -conduction activities that help prevent a worsening health status by detection or management of diseases examples of secondary prevention - Self breast exams, yearly cancer screenings, proper management of diabetes Tertiary level of prevention - -supports optimal functioning -prevents long term consequences of a chronic illness or disability ex: preventing pressure ulcer, promoting independence after brain injury Examples of tertiary prevention - rehabilitation after brain injury, surgery to correct chronic or recurring illness, medication to prevent chronic symptoms3 stages of adaptation (GAS) - alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion