Sociology 1301 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Correctly done

Who coined the term Sociology - Auguste Comte. Founding father of sociology What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common? - Their collective interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society What are the steps in the research process - 1. observation 2. hypothesis testing 3 analysis of data 4 generalization What is the Hawthorne effect - An effect first discovered while observing work groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were being watched. (work harder when watched) People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as? - transgendered What is miscegenation - The mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations. Arlie Hoschild's study of the effect of speed up of families. - Created the second shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes home to her "second shift" of mother chores= role conflict Symbolic interactionism - most likely to focus on communication between husband and wife What is conflict theory? - A theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of power and coercion in producing social order.What are norms? - Specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation. What are the two types of norms stated by William Summer - Folkways- general standards of behavior adhered to by a group Mores- strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior What is the strictest form of norms - Taboos What is role? - Expected behavior associated with a given status in society What is a primary group? - Groups consisting of intimate, face to face interaction and relatively long lasting relationships Who introduced primary groups? - Charles Horton Cooley What is participant observation? - sociological research technique in which the researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she studies. What is the looking glass self? - explains how a person conception of self arises through considering our relationship to others What is the purpose of a deterrent? - For criminals to not want to repeat a crime. What is differential association? - Interprets deviance including criminal behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others. What theory is differential association associated with? - Symbolic interaction theoryWhat is institutional racism? - Form of racism where the negative treatment and oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society's existing institutions based on the presume inferiority of the oppressed group How does Durkheim view institutional racism? - Racism exists at the social structure level rather than the individual level What is ethnicity? - group of people that share a certain culture What is discrimination? - Overt negative and unequal treatment of the members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or stratum. What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status - Achieved is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort. Ascribed is when you are born with that quality. What are the tools of sociologists? - 1. Observation 2. Reasoning 3. Logical analysis What is sociology? - The study of human behavior in society. What is debunking? - Looking behind everyday life, look for "behind the scene" patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world. The writer of Sociological Imagination was? - C. Wright Mills Jean Piagets work is associated with what theory? - Transformed early social learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretationWhat are the stages of Piagets cognitive development theory? - 1. Sensorimotor stage 2. Preoperational stage 3. Concrete operational stage 4.Formal operational stage What is social stratification? - System of structured social inequality Who are the nouveau riche? - Upper class with newly acquired rich Which country has the greater sharing of domestic responsibility? - China What are the three R's in education? - -Reading -Writing -Arithmetic What is monotheism? - Belief in one god (Christianity, Jewish) What is polytheism? - Belief in many gods (hinduism) What is the largest religion in the world? - Christianity What are cults? - A religious group devoted to a specific cause of charismatic leader What is social deviance? - Deviance is behavior that violates expected rules and norms. What is formal deviance? - Behavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes) What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance? - Imprisonment and finesAnorexia is most likely to affect what group? - Young white women from well to do families What percentage of Americans say religion can solve all or most of society's problems - 2/3% What was the case of Genie about? - ?? Subtle messages about race, class and gender roles that are conveyed through classroom interactions and classroom material describes what term? - ?? What sociological perspective associates that most vital jobs in cociety usually the greatest economic rewards? - Functionalist perspective Macrochange - Gradual transformations in a society that occur on a broad scale and affect many aspects of a society Microchange - Subtle alterations in the day-to-day interaction between people, such as a fad "catching on" What are the four characteristics of social change - 1. Social change is uneven, and may involve cultural lag 2. The onset and consequences of social change are often unforeseen 3. Social change creates conflict, along racial-ethnic, social class, and gender lines 4. The direction of social change is not random, and may be wanted or resisted What is modernization theory on social change - Societies become more homogenous as result of technological change What is collective behavior? - Predicable behavior that occurs when the usual conventions are suspended and people collectively establish new norms of behavior in response to an emerging situationWhat is transnational movement - Is a social movement formed from the interconnectivity between people and the receding economic and social significance of boundaries among nation states. Social Change - Is there alteration of social interactions, institutions, stratification systems, and elements of culture over time. As societies become more complex, the pace of change i