Moderate Sedation/Analgesia Questions and Answers 2024 Correctly done

Sedation - Answer-Administering sedatives or dissociative agents with or without analgesics to induce a state that allows pt to tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining cardiorespiratory function. Depress level of consciousness that allows pt to maintain oxygenation and airway control independently. Sedation - Answer-Relaxed, calm, or sleepy condition that results from taking a sedative. Analgesia - Answer-Loss of ability to feel pain while conscious. - Pain killers/relievers - NSAIDS or opioids Anxiolysis - Answer-Minimal sedation • Responsiveness: Response to verbal stimulation is normal • Cognitive function & physical coordination: Impaired • Airway & Cardiovascular: unaffected Moderate sedation/analgesia - Answer-• Depression of consciousness • Responsiveness: Pt responds purposefully to verbal commands • Airway: Patent • Spontaneous ventilation: Adequate• Cardiovascular: Unaffected Deep sedation/analgesia - Answer-• Depression of consciousness • Responsiveness: Responses to purposefully repeated or painful stimulation • Airway: Pt may require assistance in maintaining patent airway • Spontaneous ventilation: Inadequate • Cardiovascular function: Maintained General Anesthesia - Answer-• Loss of consciousness, where pt is not able to be aroused, even by painful stimulation • Effects entire body • Spontaneous ventilation: Pt's ability to maintain ventilatory function independently is impaired • Cardiovascular function: Impaired The greatest threat to the safety of a sedated patient is: - Answer-Airway compromise or respiratory arrest Benzodiazepines - Answer-Beneficial effects: - Amnesia - Anticonvulsant - Anxiolysis- Sedation Ex: Ativan, Valium, and Versed Benzodiazepines: Versed - Answer-Midazolam - Most commonly used benzodiazepine - Faster onset of action - More complete amnesia - Less pain on injection - Improved awakening Benzodiazepines: Ativan - Answer-- Used for mild-to-moderate sedation - Peaks at 1 - 20 mins - Longer duration of action - Typically used for long term sedation Opiates - Answer-Provide analgesia and sedation during painful procedures. Ex: Demerol, Morphine, Fentanyl Opioid agonists suppress cough reflex and cause respiratory depression Opiates:Fentanyl - Answer-- Prompt onset - Short duration of action - Minimal cardiac side effects - Hypotension rarely occurs A short-acting benzodiazepine, either alone or in combination with an opioid analgesic, is commonly selected for procedural sedation. Combining use of a benzodiazepine and an opiate may be preferable for longer procedures but increases risk of ...? - Answer-A short-acting benzodiazepine, either alone or in combination with an opioid analgesic, is commonly selected for procedural sedation. Combining use of a benzodiazepine and an opiate may be preferable for longer procedures but increases risk of O2 desaturation and cardiorespiratory complications. Equipment and Supplies - Answer-- Oxygen - Suction - Airway management equipment - Crash cart - Reversal agents for opioids or benzodiazepines (eg, naloxone, flumazenil) - Resuscitation medications and equipment - Intravenous access (when intravenous sedation is administered and anytime more than very light sedation is planned)