Fluid and Electrolytes ATI
When does osmolatity occur? - ANSwhen body fluid becomes hypertonic or hypotonic
What is hypernatremia? - ANSwater deficit
What is hyponatremia? - ANSwater excess or intoxication
Body fluids are distributed between what two compartments? - ANS-Intracellular (ICF)
-Extracellular (ECF)
What is ICF? - ANS-2/3 of body water
-body fluids WITHIN the cells
What is ECF? - ANS-1/3 of body water
-Body fluid OUTSIDE of the cell membrane
-is divided into 3 parts
What are the 3 parts of ECF? - ANS-Intravascular fluid
-Interstitual fluid
-Trancellular body fluids
What is intravascular fluid? - ANSthe liquid part of blood or the plasma
What is interstitial fluid? - ANSfluid between cells
What is transcellular body fluids? - ANSsecreted by epithelial cells (cerebrospinal, pleural,
peritoneal, synovial fluids)
What is relative dehydration? - ANSWhen water shifts from the plasma into the interstitial space.
There is no actual loss of total body water, it's just moved.
What is hypovolemia? - ANS-isotonic dehydration
-lack of both water and electrolytes, causing a decrease in circulating blood volume
What is hypovolemia also known as? - ANSvolume deficit
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - ANS-Excesssive GI loss (vomiting, diarrhea, and
nasogastric suctioning)
-Excessive renal system losses (Diuretic therapy, kidney disease, adrenal insufficiency)
-Excessive skin loss (diaphoresis without sodium and water replacement)
-third spacing (burns)
, -Hemorrage or plasma loss
-Altered intake (anorexia, nausea, impaired swallowing, confusion, NPO,
What are some causes of dehydration? - ANS-Hyperventilation or perspiration without water
treatment
-Prolonged fever
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-insufficent water intake
-diabetes insipidus
-osmotic diuresis
-excessive intake of salt, salt tablets, or hypertonic IV fluids
Manifestations of Hypovolemia? - ANS-Hyperthermia
-tachycardia
-thready pulse
-hypotension
-tachypnea
-hypoxia
-dizziness
-thirst and dry tongue
-nausea and vomiting
- Oliguria
Findings of hypovolemia? - ANS-Diminished capillary refill
-cool, clammy skin
-diaphoresis
-sunken eyeballs
-flattened neck veins
-poor skin turgor
-elevated body temp
-weight loss
The effect of fluid imbalance in older adults is greater due to what? - ANS- the loss of elasticity
of the skin
-decrease in glomerular filtration and concentrating ability of the kidneys
-loss of muscle mass (muscle tissue hold smore body water)
-diminished thirst reflex
Lab tests for dehydration? - ANS-Hematocrit (Hct)
-BUN
-Creatine
-Urine specific gravity
-Blood sodium
-Blood osmolality
When does osmolatity occur? - ANSwhen body fluid becomes hypertonic or hypotonic
What is hypernatremia? - ANSwater deficit
What is hyponatremia? - ANSwater excess or intoxication
Body fluids are distributed between what two compartments? - ANS-Intracellular (ICF)
-Extracellular (ECF)
What is ICF? - ANS-2/3 of body water
-body fluids WITHIN the cells
What is ECF? - ANS-1/3 of body water
-Body fluid OUTSIDE of the cell membrane
-is divided into 3 parts
What are the 3 parts of ECF? - ANS-Intravascular fluid
-Interstitual fluid
-Trancellular body fluids
What is intravascular fluid? - ANSthe liquid part of blood or the plasma
What is interstitial fluid? - ANSfluid between cells
What is transcellular body fluids? - ANSsecreted by epithelial cells (cerebrospinal, pleural,
peritoneal, synovial fluids)
What is relative dehydration? - ANSWhen water shifts from the plasma into the interstitial space.
There is no actual loss of total body water, it's just moved.
What is hypovolemia? - ANS-isotonic dehydration
-lack of both water and electrolytes, causing a decrease in circulating blood volume
What is hypovolemia also known as? - ANSvolume deficit
What are some causes of hypovolemia? - ANS-Excesssive GI loss (vomiting, diarrhea, and
nasogastric suctioning)
-Excessive renal system losses (Diuretic therapy, kidney disease, adrenal insufficiency)
-Excessive skin loss (diaphoresis without sodium and water replacement)
-third spacing (burns)
, -Hemorrage or plasma loss
-Altered intake (anorexia, nausea, impaired swallowing, confusion, NPO,
What are some causes of dehydration? - ANS-Hyperventilation or perspiration without water
treatment
-Prolonged fever
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-insufficent water intake
-diabetes insipidus
-osmotic diuresis
-excessive intake of salt, salt tablets, or hypertonic IV fluids
Manifestations of Hypovolemia? - ANS-Hyperthermia
-tachycardia
-thready pulse
-hypotension
-tachypnea
-hypoxia
-dizziness
-thirst and dry tongue
-nausea and vomiting
- Oliguria
Findings of hypovolemia? - ANS-Diminished capillary refill
-cool, clammy skin
-diaphoresis
-sunken eyeballs
-flattened neck veins
-poor skin turgor
-elevated body temp
-weight loss
The effect of fluid imbalance in older adults is greater due to what? - ANS- the loss of elasticity
of the skin
-decrease in glomerular filtration and concentrating ability of the kidneys
-loss of muscle mass (muscle tissue hold smore body water)
-diminished thirst reflex
Lab tests for dehydration? - ANS-Hematocrit (Hct)
-BUN
-Creatine
-Urine specific gravity
-Blood sodium
-Blood osmolality
