Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and
Disturbances
life and homeostasis - ANSFluid and electrolyte balance is necessary for?
To help prevent and treat fluid and electrolyte disturbances - ANSWhat is the nursing role
related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
pH - ANSThis is defined as a calculation of the percentage of hydrogen ions in a solution and
the amount of acids and bases in the solution.
7.35 to 7.45 - ANSNormal pH is?
acidic - ANSpH less than 7.35 is considered what?
60% - ANSWhat percent of the typical adult is fluid?
Age, body size, and gender - ANSA persons percentage of body fluid varies with what three
things?
Intravascular, Interstitial, and Transcellular - ANSWhat are the three types of extracellular fluids
(ECF)?
Third Spacing - ANSWhat is the loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to
equilibrium?
Active chemicals that carry positive and negative electrical charges - ANSWhat are electrolytes?
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Hydrogen ions - ANSWhat are the major cations?
Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Proteinate ions - ANSWhat are the major anions?
Sodium (normal value 135 - 145) - ANSWhat is the major cation in ECF?
Potassium (normal value 3.5 - 5.2) - ANSWhat is the major cation in ICF?
Hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic pressure - ANSThe movement of fluid through capillary walls
depends on what two things?
Hydrostatic pressure - ANSWhat is the pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels called?
, Osmotic pressure - ANSWhat is the pressure exerted by the protein in the plasma called?
Osmosis - ANSWhat is the movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to an
area of higher solute concentration?
Active Transport - ANSWhat is the movement of particles up a concentration gradient requiring
ATP?
Diffusion - ANSWhat is the movement of particles and ions from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration?
Filtration - ANSWhat is the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher hydrostatic
pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure through a selectively permeable membrane?
dietary intake of fluid and food or enteral feedings as well as parenteral fluids - ANSWhat are
the routes of gain for a person?
kidney (urine output), skin loss (sensible and insensible losses, lungs, GI tract, other) -
ANSWhat are the routes of loss for a person?
Reduced homeostatic mechanisms such as cardiac/renal/and respiratory function, decreased
body fluid precentage, medication use, presence of concomitant conditions - ANSWhat are
some considerations you should keep in mind for geriatric clients concerning gain and loss?
Conditions occurring or existing concurrently - ANSWhat are concommitant conditions?
Hypovolemia - ANSWhat is fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
Hypervolemia - ANSWhat is fluid volume excess (FVE)?
Fluid Volume Deficit - ANSWhen there is a loss of extracellular fluid which exceeds the intake
ratio of water, and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they exist in normal body
fluids; What fluid volume imbalance may occur?
vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating, decreased intake, and inability to gain access to
fluid - ANSWhat are the causes of Fluid Volume Deficit?
diabetes insipidus, adrenal, insufficiency, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, coma, and third space
shifts - ANSWhat are the risk factors of Fluid Volume Deficit?
loss of water alone with increased serum sodium level - ANSWhat does dehydration refer to?
Disturbances
life and homeostasis - ANSFluid and electrolyte balance is necessary for?
To help prevent and treat fluid and electrolyte disturbances - ANSWhat is the nursing role
related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
pH - ANSThis is defined as a calculation of the percentage of hydrogen ions in a solution and
the amount of acids and bases in the solution.
7.35 to 7.45 - ANSNormal pH is?
acidic - ANSpH less than 7.35 is considered what?
60% - ANSWhat percent of the typical adult is fluid?
Age, body size, and gender - ANSA persons percentage of body fluid varies with what three
things?
Intravascular, Interstitial, and Transcellular - ANSWhat are the three types of extracellular fluids
(ECF)?
Third Spacing - ANSWhat is the loss of ECF into a space that does not contribute to
equilibrium?
Active chemicals that carry positive and negative electrical charges - ANSWhat are electrolytes?
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Hydrogen ions - ANSWhat are the major cations?
Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Proteinate ions - ANSWhat are the major anions?
Sodium (normal value 135 - 145) - ANSWhat is the major cation in ECF?
Potassium (normal value 3.5 - 5.2) - ANSWhat is the major cation in ICF?
Hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic pressure - ANSThe movement of fluid through capillary walls
depends on what two things?
Hydrostatic pressure - ANSWhat is the pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels called?
, Osmotic pressure - ANSWhat is the pressure exerted by the protein in the plasma called?
Osmosis - ANSWhat is the movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to an
area of higher solute concentration?
Active Transport - ANSWhat is the movement of particles up a concentration gradient requiring
ATP?
Diffusion - ANSWhat is the movement of particles and ions from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration?
Filtration - ANSWhat is the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher hydrostatic
pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure through a selectively permeable membrane?
dietary intake of fluid and food or enteral feedings as well as parenteral fluids - ANSWhat are
the routes of gain for a person?
kidney (urine output), skin loss (sensible and insensible losses, lungs, GI tract, other) -
ANSWhat are the routes of loss for a person?
Reduced homeostatic mechanisms such as cardiac/renal/and respiratory function, decreased
body fluid precentage, medication use, presence of concomitant conditions - ANSWhat are
some considerations you should keep in mind for geriatric clients concerning gain and loss?
Conditions occurring or existing concurrently - ANSWhat are concommitant conditions?
Hypovolemia - ANSWhat is fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
Hypervolemia - ANSWhat is fluid volume excess (FVE)?
Fluid Volume Deficit - ANSWhen there is a loss of extracellular fluid which exceeds the intake
ratio of water, and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they exist in normal body
fluids; What fluid volume imbalance may occur?
vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating, decreased intake, and inability to gain access to
fluid - ANSWhat are the causes of Fluid Volume Deficit?
diabetes insipidus, adrenal, insufficiency, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, coma, and third space
shifts - ANSWhat are the risk factors of Fluid Volume Deficit?
loss of water alone with increased serum sodium level - ANSWhat does dehydration refer to?
