PSY 352 Exam 3 Questions With 100% Verified Answers!!

Which of the following topics would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study? - Answer-Decision making Gene has a history of depression. He recently failed his psychology exam, and is now reflecting on why this failure happened. Gene's explanatory style is likely to be __________. - Answer-Internal People with positive schemas __________. - Answer-Tend to be overly optimistic about the future Kelly's personal construct theory suggests that personal constructs are _________. - Answer-Different from person to person Hierarchically organized Research presented in class (Alloy et al., 2006) examined the role of negative explanatory style in predicting future depressive episodes. This study found that people with a negative explanatory style are more likely to have depressive episodes __________. - Answer-whether or not they have had previous depressive episodes In terms of social interaction, field dependent people are more likely to be highly __________ than field independent people. - Answer-Agreeable Field independent people tend to complete the Embedded Figures Task __________ than field dependent people. - Answer-faster Kelly proposed that our personal constructs are _________. - Answer-Bipolar in nature Research presented in class (Vrij et al., 1995) suggests that police officers make better decisions about whether or not to shoot if they are __________. - Answer-Field independentLeah is strongly field independent. Which of the following careers is Leah least likely to be in? - AnswerEducation The Rod-and-Frame Test is designed to measure __________. - Answer-Field dependence __________ is the act of taking in information from the outside world through sensory organs (e.g. eyes, ears, etc.). - Answer-Sensation Cognitive psychologists would be likely to say that psychological disorders (e.g. depression) are due to __________. - Answer-the thoughts that a person has You are a psychologist who is conducting a study on recognition of facial expressions. In this study, participants try to judge a person's emotional state by looking only at that person's eyes. Which of the following people would you expect to perform best on this task? - Answer-Jackie, who is strongly field independent ___________ is the act of interpreting and understanding sensory information. - Answer-Perception People who experience depression are more likely than non-depressed individuals to __________. - Answer-Remember upsetting memories The concept of learned helplessness has been used to help explain (in part) which disorder? - AnswerDepression People with a strong internal locus of control are more likely to be __________ than those with a strong external locus of control. - Answer-Happy Which of the following is the best example of positive punishment when training a rat in an operant chamber to push one lever, but not the other? - Answer-giving the rat a shock every time it pushes the wrong leverResearch presented in class (Langer & Rodin, 1976) suggests that elderly people who are given opportunities to exercise control over their lives _________. - Answer-are happier and live for a longer period of time Learned helplessness has been demonstrated among _________. - Answer-both humans and other animals In Pavlov's famous studies on dogs, what was the conditioned stimulus? - Answer-The Bell Imagine that, at unpredictable times, I give you an electric shock during class. This shock is enough to make you jump in your seat. To give you warning, I turn on a red light at the front of the classroom just before the shock arrives. Before long, you find yourself jumping every time you see the red light. In this example, the red light represents the __________. - Answer-conditioned stimulus Sydney's parents decide to take her cell phone away for a week because she broke her curfew. Her parents are using __________ to shape behavior. - Answer-Negative Punishment In Pavlov's famous studies on dogs, what was the unconditioned response? - Answer-drooling in response to the food ___________ was a behaviorist who pioneered the study of classical conditioning while studying digestive processes in dogs. - Answer-Ivan pavlov Anthony is in 5th grade. His parents promise that if he gets all A's on his next report card, they will take him out to dinner at his favorite Mexican restaurant. Anthony's parents are using __________ to shape behavior. - Answer-Positive Reinforcement Imagine that I made you an offer: get an A on the next midterm exam, and I won't make you take any more quizzes for the rest of the semester. (That's not happening, sorry...) In this example, I am using __________ to shape your behavior. - Answer-Negative reinforcementEdward Thorndike proposed the Law of Effect, which states that ___________. - Answer-rewarded behaviors are likely to be repeated in the future