MMBIO 221 Robison Final Latest Questions With Solved Correctly Answers!!

Coliform - Answer-rapidly ferment lactose, are part of normal microbiota, may be opportunistic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Found in soil and plants. Presence in water= impure water and poor sewage treatment 3 types of antigens used to serotype enteric bacteria - Answer-O-outer membrane K- capsular antigen H- flagellar lancefield typing - Answer-grouping catalase negative and coagulase negative bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls. Used to organize various members of the family streptococcaceae. Bacillus Anthracis - Answer-Disease of herbivores, hat's why people in the wool industry got sick. TANNERS OR LEATHER WOOKERS GET WOOLSORES DISEASE.. Virulence due to 3 component toxin and protein capsule. 3 forms: Inhalation, GI, cutaneous *Bioterrorism Clostridum Botulinum - Answer-Causes botulism, incubation is short. Caused by digesting toxins in lowacid foods (ex. honey) Three types: food borne, infant, and wound. *Inhibits acetylcholine release, causes flaccid paralysis Clostridum Perfringens - Answer-Produces 11 toxins that can cause irreversible damage. Causes food poisoning and gas gangrene. Clostridium difficile - Answer-Intestinal microbiota, minor infections can cause explosive diarrhea, Fecal Transplants Clostridium Tetani - Answer-Obligate Anaerobe, endospore, forming, gram positive rod, Upiquitous in soil, dust and GI tract. Causes lock jaw, tetanus. Tetanus results when endospores germinate and produce toxins. Tetanus results in spasms and contractions and can cause death (no exhale). Inhibits glycine release (neurotransmitter)Enterococcus species - Answer-important cause for hospital acquired. Previous classified as group D streptococci. Reclassified as separate genus. Forms short chains and pairs and lacks a capsule, can grow at 45 degrees, basic environments. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) - Answer-Causes strep throat. Group A generally cause disease in the following situations: 1) Normal microbiota are depleted 2)Large inoculum enable the streptococci to establish themselves before antibodies are formed against them 3) Specific immunity is impaired Streptococcus Pneumonia - Answer-Gram-positive cocci that most commonly forms pairs but may also form chains. Forms unpigmented, alpha-hemolytic colonies when grown on blood agar (anaerobic incubation produces beta-hemolytic colonies). Causes 60-70% of all bacterial pneumonias. Normally colonizes the mouth and pharynx but can cause disease if they travel to the lungs Viridans Streptococci - Answer-Lack group specific carbs and cannot be grouped by the Lancefield system. Many produce a green discoloration when grown on blood media (α-hemol.) Normally inhabit the mouth, pharynx, GI tract, genital tract, and urinary tract. One of the causes of dental caries (dental plaque production). If they enter the blood, can cause meningitis and endocarditis Strep Agalactiae Group B - Answer-Gram-positive cocci that divide to form chains. Distinguished from group A streptococcus by its buttery colonies and smaller zone of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates, its resistance to bacitracin, and positive CAMP test. Normally colonizes the lower gastrointestinal, genital, and urinary tracts. Associated with neonatal bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia S. Aureus - Answer-carried in 30-50% of healthy population (nose & perineum). Coagulase positive, by definition of species, usually mannitol positive; more virulent infections result when staphylococci breach the body's physical barriers. 3 Features: evade phagocytosis, enzymes and toxins allow it to increase pathogenicity. Causes food poisoning, colitis, TSS, Bacteremia, Endocarditis, Pneumonia. S. Epidermidis - Answer-On the skin, Coagulase negative, usually mannitol negative; mostly opportunistic infections. Listeria Monocytogenes - Answer-Ingestion of contaminated milk or meat. Pregnant or immunocompromised people are susceptible. Presence of bacteria in the CSF is diagnosis.Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Answer-Attaches specifically to receptors located at the bases of cilia on epithelial cells lining the respiratory tracts of humans. Causes primary atypical pneumonia, or walking pneumonia Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Answer--Transmitted from person to person via respiratory droplets or skin contact -Endemic in poor parts of the world that lack adequate immunization -Diphtheria toxin is responsible for the signs and symptoms of diphtheria -Cutaneous diphtheria causes cell death and formation of a pseudomembrane on the skin