BYU MMBio 221 exam 1 Robison Questions With All Correct Answers Already Passed!!

Obligate halophiles - High osmotic pressure aka lots of salt like the great salt lake Facultative halophiles - Type that causes acne can be in salty also known as osmolaric but not nessesary Neutrophiles - Most bacteria Protozoa and pathogens like neutral ph rang 6.5-7.5 Acidophiles - Really acidic as low as 0 pH Alkalineophiles - Grow best in basic range up to 11.5 ex cholera Thermophiles - Higher temperatures above 45C ex hot springs Hyperthermophiles - Hottest 80C and above Mesophiles - Room temperature 20-40C Psychrophiles - Super cold 15-below 0C Barophiles - High pressures Obligate barophiles - Super duper high pressures like deep sea trenches Microaerophiles - Low oxygen levels Capnophiles - High CO2 and low oxygenGlycocalyx - Sticky stuff made of polysaccharides or proteins that surround the outside of a cell Two major types of Glycocalyx - Capsule and slime layer Teichoic acids - Greek word for wall Polyalcohols with gram positive cell walls Lipopolysaccharide (3 things) - *Aka endotoxin *Found only in the outer membrane of gram negative cells *lipid A is the active component Peptidoglycan - Cell wall of bacteria Composed of alternating units of NAG NAM ( N-acetylglucosoamine and N-acetylmuric acid) linked my amino acids Filament hook rod and rings are associated with: - The bacterial flagellum Group translocation - Glucose actively enters the cell and is modified simultaneously modified to glucose-6-phosphate Endosymbiosis theory explains that what two organelles are semiautonomous? - Mitochondria and chloroplasts A peritirchously motile bacteria is moving toward attractants, it will - Tumble less Run more Hypotonic - Cell gains water and burstsCell wall with most Peptidoglycan? - Gram positive G - Giga 10^9 M - Mega 10^6 k - Kilo 10^3 h - Hecto 10^2 c - Centi 10^-2 .01 m - Milli 10^-3. .001 u - Mirco 10^-6 n - Nano 10^-9 Differential stains (3) - Acid-fastEndospore stain Gram stain Special stains (2) - Negative (capsule) stain Flagellar stain Christmas color stain - Endospore stain He classified life by studying RNA. Says all life =3 domains - Carl Woese Agglutination - Group of microorganisms collect into clumps in response to specific antibodies Serological - An agglutination test using an antibody to identify a bacterium Electron microscopes beat light microscopes resolution because - Elections have shorter wavelength than visible light Fluorescence microscopy uses - *Fluorescein isothiocyanate *Auramine O Enzymes catalyze reaction by - Lowering the activation level Allosteric inhibitors of enzymes are also - Noncompetitive inhibitors