APHY 102 IVY TECH Final-SUMMER 2024 with Verified Solutions

APHY 102 IVY TECH Final-SUMMER 2024 with Verified Solutions What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - Answer -The pituitary gland is directly connected to the hypothalamus. Secretion from the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland is controlled by different methods by the hypothalamus What is a hormone and how does it act? - Answer -Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone. Compare and contrast glucagon and insulin. - Answer -o Insulin helps the cells absorb glucose, reducing blood sugar and providing the cells with glucose for energy. When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. o Glucagon instructs the liver to release stored glucose, which causes blood sugar to rise. • Both work to keep blood glucose concentration constant, but glucagon breaks down glycogen into glucose and insulin forms glycogen from glucose. How are pheromones different than hormones? - Answer -o Hormones are both produced and act inside the body of an organism whereas, o pheromones are produced interiorly, but function outside the body. Hormone changes the interior of the body and finally causes to have behavioral alterations, whereas pheromones are capable of directly changing the social behaviors of others. Hormones are present in both animals and plants, but pheromones are present in animals only How is inhibin used in the body? - Answer -One of two hormones (designated inhibin-A and inhibin-B) secreted by the gonads (by Sertoli cells in the male and the granulosa cells in the female) and that inhibit the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. Differentiate between paracrine, autocrine, endocrine, and exocrine glands. - Answer -o Paracrine - hormones enter the interstitial fluid but affect only neighboring cells. o Autocrine - hormones affect only the secreting cell. o Endocrine - hormones are secreted from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and act on target cells. o Exocrine - secretions enter tubes or ducts that lead to body surfaces.How is diabetes insipidus different than diabetes mellitus? - Answer -o Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood while o diabetes insipidus is a disease where kidneys are unable to conserve water Describe steroid hormones. - Answer -All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. These include sex hormones, such as testosterone and the estrogens, and secretion of the adrenal cortex, including aldosterone and cortisol Describe tropic hormones - Answer -a hormone that stimulates an endocrine gland to grow and secrete it's hormones. Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH. - Answer -Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L. RBC count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in females. WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood. Platelets are usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood. Normal blood pH is around 7.4. How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? - Answer -o Rh positive - presence o