SCNM Q1 PHYSIOLOGY - SCHMIDT Exam With Verified Solution 2024

What are the important and physiological roles of Ca++ - Triggers Actin/Myosin for muscle contraction Triggers exocytosis Signal transduction acts as a second messenger by keeping resting intracellular calcium levels LOW Calcium release channel (IP3) - if activated the channel opens to allow calcium to flow down a concentration gradient into the cytoplasm Increasing cytosolic free calcium - activates different signaling pathways leading to muscle contraction List the major cations and anions of the human body - Cations - Na+, K+, Ca+, Anions - ClUnderstand why some atoms have a partial positive and negative charge and why those charges are important - In order to dissolve things, they need to be polar; water is polar and contains bonds between O2 and H - O2 pulls more charges (contributing to partial positive/neg charge) Water solubility - containing polar/non polar atoms, correspond to water/lipid solubility What is the pH scale and why are the pH of fluids in the body carefully regulated? - pH scale is an acid/base scale measuring the compounds ability to give or take protons (H) The body's processes are pH specific Certain enzymes and metaboli