Praxis 5624 Test Questions and Answers

Bandura Social Learning Theory/Observational Learning Theory-people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Bruner Constructivist Theory- learning is an active process; learners construct new ideas or concepts based on their current/past knowledge. Dewey Learning by Doing- Learning occurs through experience. Piaget Genetic Epistemology- Developmental Stages of Child Development: 0-2 years: "sensorimotor"- motor development 3-7 years: "preoperation"- intuitive 8-11 years: "concrete operational"- logical, but non-abstract 12-15 years: "formal operations"- abstract thinking Vygotsky Social Development Theory & ZPD: Social interaction=critical for cognitive development; Zone of Proximal Development: theoretical basis for scaffolding Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development: Pre-conventional- based on self-centered interests Conventional- based on conformity to local expectations Post-Conventional- based on higher principles Bloom Taxonomy- a hierarchy model; way to classify thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity Metacognition awareness and understanding of one's own thought process Schema A schema is both the category of knowledge as well as the process of acquiring that knowledge. As experiences happen and new information is presented, new schemas are developed and old schemas are changed or modified. Transfer Information or skills related to one topic can sometimes either help or hinder the acquisition of information or skills related to another topic. Self-Efficacy The extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals Self-Regulation Ability to monitor and control our own behavior, emotions, or thoughts, altering them in accordance with the demands of the situation.