ARMY SHARP FOUNDATION COURSE MODULE 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

Define a victim A "Victim" is any person who suffered direct physical or emotional harm as a result of a sexual violent offense. Define victimology The "scientific study" of victimization including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system, and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions such as the media businesses, and social movements. What is consent? IAW Article 120(g)(7), UCMJ The term "consent" means freely given agreement to the conduct at issue by a competent person. Be aware of the following- An expression of lack of consent through words or conduct means there is no consent Lack of verbal or physical resistance or submission resulting from the use of force, threat of force, or placing another person in fear does not constitute consent A current or previous dating or social or sexual relationship by itself, or the manner of dress of the person involved with the accused in the conduct at issue, does not constitute consent A sleeping, unconscious, or incompetent person cannot consent All the surrounding circumstances are to be considered in determining whether a person gave consent List the physical responses to trauma? Aches and pains Sudden sweating/heart palpitations Changes in sleep, appetite, or interest in sex Constipation or diarrhea easily startled Susceptible to colds and illness Increased use of alcohol/food/drugs What are the three offender motivations? Power-motivated offender (only use enough force to achieve the assault) (most common) power reassurance power assertive Anger-motivated offender (uses sex to discharge emotions, victims are normally beaten before the assault) Sadistic offender (least common) List some characteristics of sex offenders Hostility towards women Casual attitudes about sex Frequent sexual encounters Unaware of remifications of behavior Careful planning associated with multiple offenses in undetected convicted offender sample Hyper-masculinity Endorses rape myths Deviant aggressive sexual fantasy for a subgroup of offenders Adversarial beliefs about relationships between men and women Describe the Just World Hypothesis The individual wants to believe that the world is a safe, just place where people get what they deserve and deserve what they get Describe the invulnerability theory No one likes to think they could lose control over their body of life By deciding a rape victim did something concrete to deserve the sexual assault, the observer creates a false sense of safety If they can avoid doing that particular thing or action then they create the illusion of invulnerability for themselves Myth or Fact Most victims do not report due to a number of reasons: self-blame, denial, loss of privacy, fear of being disbelieved Fact Myth or Fact Stangers commit most sexual assaults Myth Myth or Fact Sexual assault by someone you know is far more traumatic than being assaulted by a stranger Fact Myth or Fact You cannot blame a person is they are drunk and things get out of hand; it was just a miscommunication Myth Myth or Fact Most misunderstood type of assault is marital sexual assault; some people assume that since the couple is presumably having sex, the assault is nothing more than "bad sex" Fact Myth or Fact An offender is an odd-looking person who is violent, mentally deranged, or impulsive Myth Myth or Fact Offenders look like everyone else; come from all backgrounds, races, and strata of society; and are rarely violent in terms of inflicting injuries Fact Myth or Fact There is no such thing as marital sexual assault Myth Myth or Fact Alcohol is not a cause; it is intentionally used by offenders to increase the vulnerability of their victims Fact Myth or Fact Being sexually assaulted by someone you know is far less traumatic than being sexually assaulted by a stranger Myth Myth or Fact 78% of sexual assaults are non-stranger Fact What is the federal age of consent? 18 Myth or Fact If a person is a victim of seual assult, he or she woud call law enforcement right away and report it. Myth What are some reasons that victims may stay silent I cannot betray my unit or battle buddies I will be removed from my unit I will wait to return from deployment "They" will not believe me Stigma and Shame After this is out, they will never look at me the same way Invetigations take too long I don't say anything, it will pass My peers will pressure me to recant Unaware of services that may be available List some things that may assist victims with recovery Adaptive understanding of self, world, and trauma Acceptance of changes Freedom Choice Tolerable emotions Calming the body Facing the trauma Facing the feelings Integrating the meaning of the event Finding balance What are some coping mechanisms for PTSD? Self-blame Self-harm Self-medication What is victim blaming? *Holding the victims of crimes entirely or partially responsible *Blaming individuals for their personal troubles or social difficulties *Not blaming the other people involved or the larger social system in place What are the seven key phases (sequential process) of the civilian criminal justice system? 1. Law Enforcement 2. Prosecution 3. Judiciary 4. Probation (given at sentencing) 5. Corrections 6. Parole (given after sentencing based on factors like good behavior) 7. Appellate Courts What are laws that affect victims of federal crimes Victims and Witness Protection Act (VWPA) of 1982 - protect witness and victims when available Crime Control Act of 1990- victim rights established Violent Crime and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 Mandatory Victim's Restitution Act of 1996 Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004 2005 Attorney General Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 2013