ABCP Study Guide Questions With Verified Answers

1. Red blood cells have a diameter of approximately - Answer B) 7 microns 2. The anion with the highest extracellular concentration is - Answer A) chloride 3. The major extracellular cation that is responsible for regulating body fluid is - Answer D) sodium 4. The temperature correction of pCO2 and pO2 from the blood gas analyzer - Answer A) results in an increased gas value with decreasing temperature 5. The term alpha stat refers to - Answer D) the dissociation state of the imidazole portion of histidine 6. What blood type has A and B antigens on the red blood cell membrane? - Answer B) AB 7. Which of the following is true regarding plasmin? - Answer B) Plasmin in a potent inhibitor of coagulation. 8. Which of the following tests the elastic portion of the mechanical impedance of clot formation? - Answer C) Thromboelastograph 9. A variety of medications used in the treatment of hypertension work by reducing vascular smooth muscle tone. These medications relieve hypertension by reducing - Answer D) peripheral vascular resistance 10. Active solute transport is defined as - Answer D) movement of ions or substances across the membrane in combination with a carrier protein, against an energy gradient 11. As blood flows moves from large arteries and arterioles to terminal arterioles, which of the following is likely? - Answer D) Resistance to flow of blood increases because more vessel area is exposed to plasma. 12. Complement is responsible for many of the biological effects that accompany an antigen-antibody reaction and acts primarily by: - Answer B) cell lysis 13. During exercise, the ventilation-perfusion ratio (V/Q) is - Answer D) approximately 1.0 but there is less variation in V/Q within the lungs 14. During hypothermia - Answer A) all the above B) potassium excretion is decreased C) renal arterioles dilate in response to peripheral vasoconstriction D) renal tubular function is decreased 15. If left ventricular preload, ionotropic state, and heart rate were held constant, then an increase in arterial blood pressure would tend to increase - Answer B) left ventricular end systolic volume (ESV) 16. In normal fetal circulation - Answer A) blood entering the right atrium via the inferior vena cava tends to be shunted to the left artium across the foramen ovale 17. In response to constriction of arterioles, fluid will be - Answer A) filtered as a result of an increase in capillary blood pressure 18. In the formation of a platelet plug, platelets release granules containing active factors that cause additional platelets to adhere to the originally activated platelets. These active factors are - Answer B) thromboxane A2 and ADP 19. In which of the following hemoglobin variants does the ferric state of iron exist? - Answer A) methemoglobin 20. Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by which mechanism? - Answer D) bicarbonate ions 21. Most of the interventricular septum and apex blood flow is supplied by the - Answer B) left anterior descending artery 22. Most of the myocardial oxygen consumption occurs during which phase of the cardiac cycle? - Answer C) isovolemic contraction 23. Ninety percent of the time the AV node is supplied by the - Answer C) right coronary artery 24. One hemoglobin molecule can combine with - Answer B) 4 molecules of oxygen 25. Over 99% of the water in the glomerular filtrate is - Answer C) reabsorbed into the vascular system 26. Patent ductus arteriosus is a shunt - Answer C) from the aorta distal to the left subclavian to the left pulmonary artery 27. Patients in shock exhibit which of the following - Answer C) oxygen consumption greater than oxygen supply 28. Sixty percent of all leukocytes are - Answer A) granulocytes 29. The following is true regarding fibrin-stabilizing factor. - Answer B) It is released from circulating platelets. 30. The net pressure driving the flow of fluid OUT of capillaries is a function of - Answer D) capillary hydrostatic pressure and tissue oncotic pressures 31. The kidney - Answer A) all of these are correct B) at pressures below 50 mmHg stops producing urine C) regulates renal blood flow between renal artery blood pressures of 75 and 160 mmHg D) blood flow is primarily affected by afferent rather than efferent arteriolar control 32. The most important buffering system of the body is - Answer D) bicarbonate-carbon dioxide 33. The oncotic pressure is - Answer D) normally 24 mmol/liter 34. The partial pressure of ideal alveolar oxygen at sea level (37 degrees centigrade, 100% humidified, oxygen=13.3%) is approximately: - Answer A) 100 mmHg 35. Tissue edema can be caused by - Answer C) lymphatic blockage D) high plasma colloid osmotic pressure 36. Venous vasoconstriction - Answer B) increases blood volume to the heart 37. What is the main force that tends to drive fluid from the interstitial fluid to the capillaries? - Answer C) plasma colloid osmotic pressure 38. Which of the following is a mechanism by which the rate of blood-tissue exchange by diffusion is increased in response to an increase in tissue metabolic activity? - Answer B) an increase in capillary blood flow 39. Which of the following is a structure in the left ventricle? - Answer D) posteromedial papillary muscle 40. Which of the following is true concerning nonvolatile acids? - Answer C) Kidneys excrete 50 to 100 meq of nonvolatile acid per day. 41. Which of the following is true concerning the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship? - Answer A) pk is defined as -log Ka. B) The ratio of ([H+] x [HCO3-]) to [H2CO3] yields a constant value. C) The concentration of water is assumed to be constant. D) All are true. 42. Which of the following is true of the pulmonary valve? - Answer C) consists of one anterior cusp and left and right cusp 43. Which of the following is true of vascular compliance? - Answer C) directly proportional to increase in volume 44. Which of the following is true regarding cerebral blood flow during hypothermia? - Answer D) Autoregulation is maintained with profound hypothermia and blood pressures of 60 mmHg. 45. Which of the following is true regarding erythropoietin? - Answer D) activates stem cells to produce red blood cells 46. Which of the following is true regarding myocardial metabolism? - Answer A) High systemic blood flow rates during hypothermic myocardial arrest may reduce myocardial protection by increasing noncoronary collateral flow that warms the heart. 47. Which of the following is true regarding the natural lung versus the artificial membrane lung? - Answer C) Both utilize the physical processes of convection, diffusion, and chemical reaction for gas exchange. D) Diffusion distances are smaller in the artificial lung.