ABCP Board Exam Practice Exam Questions With Correct Answers

The advantage of continuous warm blood cardioplegia is: A: increased oxygen delivery B: significantly decreased myocardial oxygen tension C: a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the left D: lower myocardial oxygen consumption - Answer A IABP augmentation is contraindicated in patients with: A: prosthetic aortic valves B: aortic insufficiency C: VSDs D: peripheral atherosclerosis - Answer B When using a roller pump. aortic dissection caused by the aortic cannula may be detected by: A: elevated venous return B: elevated arterial line pressure C: elevated left radial artery pressure D: increased venous saturation - Answer B The most significant advantage of VV ECMO over VA ECMO is: A: improved cardiac support B: unaffected pulmonary hemodynamics C: superior arterial oxygenation D: reduced pulmonary blood flow - Answer B When compared to true membranes, hydrophobic microporous membrane oxygenators may exhibit which of the following characteristics: A: increased oxygen transfer B: fluid passage to the gas compartment C: decreased CO2 transfer D: reduced surface boundary layer - Answer B Polyvinly Chloride tubing in the roller pump usually deteriorates by: A: crumbling away from the outside B: crumbling away from the inside C: cracking and breaking from the outer edge in D: cracking or breaking from the inner edge out - Answer C Activated Factor X is the first step in which of the following coagulation stages? A: intrinsic pathway B: common pathway C: waterfall sequence D: extrinsic pathway - Answer B Under normal physiologic conditions, which organ has the lowest oxygen consumption per unit weight? A: brain B: kidney C: lungs D: liver - Answer B The release of norepinephrine by the nerve impulses causes interaction with: A: alpha receptors B: beta receptors C: baroreceptors D: chemoreceptors - Answer A In a patient with a chronic hypoxic condition, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the right by: A: the Haldane effect B: increased 2,3 DPG levels C: the Bohr effect D: increased ADP - Answer B The use of Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD-A) in blood in the perfusate affects which parameters? A: potassium B: ionized calcium C: total carbon dioxide D: blood sugar - Answer B Dexamethasone is a potent, synthetic: A: curarizing agent B: anti-arrhythmic C: adrenocortical steroid D: beta blocker - Answer C Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) administered in large doses is a(n): A: diuretic B: calcium channel blocker C: antiarrhythmic agent D: hydroxyl radical scavenger - Answer D Iloprost is an analog of: A: IgA B: aprotinin C: prostacyclin D: thromboxane - Answer C With normal renal function, the half-life of Cephalexin is: A: 1 hour B: 3 hours C: 6 hours D: 12 hours - Answer A Treatment for blood transfusion reaction should include which modalities? A: administration of Benzodiazepine, nitroprusside, and hydroxyethyl starch solution B: administration of platelets, FFP, and Cryo C: administration of steroids, diuretics, and heparin D: administration of vasopressors, antibiotics, and Cryo - Answer C The treatment for an antithrombin III deficiency is: A: FFP B: packed red cells C: cryoprecipitate D: platelet concentrate - Answer A Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)? A: Increased concentration of HbCO will shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left B: CO will bind the molecular site of hemoglobin more firmly than oxygen to the tissues C: Increased amount of CO in the bloodstream will result in decreased release of oxygen to the tissues D: HbCO, unlike oxygen, dissociates with difficulty - Answer D The major branches of the left coronary artery are: A: the anterior descending and posterior descending B: the marginal branch and the circumflex branch C: The circumflex branch and the anterior descending branch D: the marginal branch and the anterior descending branch - Answer C During congenital intracardiac surgery, excessive venous blood draining into the right atrium may indicate the presence of a/an: A: patent ductus arteriosus B: patent foramen ovale C: persistent left SVC D: anomalous pulmonary venous return - Answer C Nutrients and waste products from the body are transported to and from tissues by the __________________ system - Answer Circulatory The superior border of the heart lies just below the: - Answer Second Rib Most of the LV lies ___________ to the RV: - Answer Posterior What two portions of the heart make up the majority of an anterior view of the heart? - Answer RA and RV Endothelial tissues possess a ____________ charge. - Answer Slightly Negative The endocardium is made up of ______________ cells which come into contact with the blood. - Answer Endothelial The oval, depressed, thinned-out area on the adult interatrial septal wall is called the _________________________. - Answer Fossa ovalis Pressure gradients force the flap of the foramen ovale open allowing most of the blood shunt from __________ to __________ across the atria. - Answer Right to Left In fetal circulation, blood is propelled through the foramen ovale due to: - Answer Deflated lungs and high RA pressure Heart valve leaflets are made of: A: dense connective tissue and epicardium B: dense connective tissue and endocardium C: loose connective tissue and endocardium D: loose connective tissue and epicardium - Answer B Chordae tendineae attach to: - Answer Valve leaflets and papillary muscles The sinoatrial node is located near: - Answer The SVC What are the names of the aortic valve cusps? - Answer Right coronary cusp Left coronary cusp Non-coronary cusp/Posterior cusp What are the names of the pulmonary valve cusps? - Answer Right cusp Left cusp Anterior cusp Trace the flow of conduction through the heart starting at the SA node. - Answer SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, Purkinje fibers In how many cases (percentage) have people been reported to have a "third coronary artery"? What is this artery called? - Answer Ramus, 46% What does the anterior cardiac venous system consist of? - Answer Small cardiac vein Right marginal vein Sinus node vein The divisions of each of the valve cusps are called ___________. - Answer Commissures The tunica adventitia is composed of ________________. - Answer Collagen The inner layer of an artery is tunica intima which has some ____________ qualities. - Answer Elastic Capillaries have a thin layer of ______________ that is continuous with arteries and veins. - Answer Endothelium Capillaries in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver differ structurally from true capillaries. These are called ______________. - Answer Sinusoids Which of the following are resistance vessels? A: veins B: arterioles C: arteries D: capillaries - Answer B ___________ __________ needs to be employed to prevent myocardial distension if using hypothermia with fibrillatory arrest to stop the heart - Answer Active venting The posterior intercostal arteries divide into an anterior and posterior branch, the anterior branch gives off to all of the following except: A: esophageal B: collateral intercostal C: lateral cutaneous D: mammary branch - Answer A Vessel layer with tough white connective (collagen) tissue with some elastic fibers. - Answer Tunica Adventitia T/F: Generally speaking, more arteries deliver blood to an organ than veins drain the same organ - Answer False Is the azygous vein located on the right or left side of the spinal column? - Answer Right The space between the axon collaterals of one or more neurons and the dendrite of another neuron is called what? - Answer Synapse The autonomic nervous system is divided into three divisions, which of these is not included? A: cranial B: peritoneal C: thoracolumbar D: cervical - Answer B It has been theorized that there are two types of adrenergic receptors; ____________ and ______________ receptors. - Answer Alpha and Beta The EKG records activation of all of the following except: A: atria B: activation of the septum C: activation of the ventricles D: calcified valve - Answer D What is the easiest way to diagnose a cardiac problem? - Answer Physical Exam Which method of diagnosis is superior in revealing the size and shape of the heart and its relationship to the chest? A: physical examination B: EKG C: chest x-ray D: cardiac catheterization - Answer C What is the name for the most popular technique to insert a catheter? - Answer Seldinger technique Normal O2 saturation in the PA is ____________. - Answer 70-80% Normally, the site with the lowest O2 saturation would be the ____________. - Answer SVC T/F: The SVC has a lower venous saturation than the IVC - Answer True Catheterization of the left heart is more difficult than the right - all of the following techniques have been utilized except: A: percutaneous needle puncture of the LA B: percutaneous needle puncture of the LV C: percutaneous needle puncture through the Aorta D: retrograde catheterization - Answer C Which of the following best corresponds to the equation for cardiac output? (aside from BSA x CI) (done during a cardiac cath procedure) - Answer CO = (O2 consumption) / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content) __________ ____________ _____________ __________ is a technique used to dilated stenosed coronary arteries with the inflation of a small balloon located at the tip of a catheter. - Answer Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PCTA) It has been documented that ________ percent of patients who underwent PCTA eventually required coronary bypass because of angioplasty failure. - Answer 35.5% Which shows a sign of dysfunction? A: wedge pressure 10mmHg mean B: aortic systolic pressure 140mmHg C: SVC 6mmHg D: IVC O2 saturation 75-85% - Answer A What is the name of a congenital defect in which there is an opening between the aorta near the aortic valve and PA? - Answer Aortopulmonary Window A ___________ of the aorta is a constriction which may vary from slight to complete occlusion. - Answer Coarctation All of the following are symptoms of coarctation expect what? A: hypotension B: frank congestive heart failure C: exertional dyspnea D: HTN - Answer A What is the most common site of a coarctation of the aorta? - Answer Just distal to the subclavian artery Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of a Left to Right Shunt? A: dyspnea B: fatigue C: growth D: diminished growth - Answer C What is the connection made with a Fontan procedure? - Answer RA to PA Which type of ASD is most common? - Answer Ostium secundum Which of the following can contribute to heparin resistance? A: obese patients B: inflammatory disease C: aprotinin therapy D: Factor VIII deficiency - Answer B All of the following may prolong and ACT except: A: hemodilution B: thrombocytopenia C: operative stress (post sternotomy) D: hypothermia - Answer C