Test Bank for Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition by Eisenberg | Complete All Chapters

Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is this type of process. a. Idiopathic b. Iatrogenic c. Neoplasia d. Community acquired ANS: B The disease process caused by physicians and their treatment is iatrogenic. REF: p. 3 2. Basic reactions of the body to some form of injury is a: a. Disease process b. Pathology c. Study of diseases d. Idiopathic process ANS: A A disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury. REF: p. 1 2 3. What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown? a. Idiopathic b. Antietiologic c. Iatrogenic d. Nosocomial ANS: A Idiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause. REF: p. 3 4. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells is called: a. Hyperplasia b. Dysplasia c. Neoplasia d. Aplasia ANS: C Alterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors). REF: p. 7 5. The initial response of body tissues to local injury is: a. Infection b. Ischemia c. Edema d. Inflammation ANS: D Inflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury. 3 REF: p. 3 6. Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by: a. Hyperemia b. Scar tissue c. Hyperplasia d. Infarction ANS: A This hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation. REF: p. 3 7. In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with: a. Granulomatous inflammation b. Granulation tissue c. Phagocytes d. Pyogens ANS: B A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation tissue refers to a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, which produce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue. REF: p. 4 8. Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is: a. Edema b. Tumor c. Calor 4 d. Dolor ANS: B The five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function. REF: p. 4 9. Some bacterial organisms that produce these substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process are known as: a. Toxoids b. Pyogens c. Toxins d. Abscesses ANS: C Some bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that damage the tissues and incite an inflammatory response. REF: p. 4 10. Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has a centralized necrosis is called: a. An exudates b. A granuloma c. An abscess d. Hyperplasia ANS: B A granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis. REF: p. 4 5 All information provided for reference only 11. In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the: a. Migration of circulating white blood cells b. Increased blood flow and vascular permeability c. Regeneration of normal parenchymal cells d. Enzymatic digestion of dead cells ANS: B The localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site of injury. REF: p. 4 12. In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called: a. Bacteria b. Pus c. Edema d. A scar ANS: B The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called pus, which contains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria. REF: p. 4 13. All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing: a. Bacteremia b. Phagocytosis c. Septicemia d. Keloid tissue 6 All information provided for reference only ANS: A All pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to produce bacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body. REF: p. 4 14. Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue, then contracting in the abdomen are known as: a. Keloids b. Suppurative inflammation c. Fibrous adhesions d. Hyperemia ANS: C Eventually the strong connective tissue contracts to produce a fibrous scar. In the abdomen, such fibrous adhesions can narrow loops of intestine and result in an obstruction. REF: p. 4 15. An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called: a. Bacteremia b. Elephantiasis c. Filariasis d. Anasarca ANS: D Generalized edema occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body (anasarca). REF: p. 4 16. Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation. 7 All information provided for reference only a. Filariasis b. Edema c. Elephantiasis d. Fibrous adhesions ANS: B Edema is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities. Localized edema results from an inflammatory reaction. REF: p. 4 17. An inflammation associated with pus formation is: a. Bacteremia b. Phagocytosis c. Suppurative d. Hyperemia ANS: C Suppurative inflammation is associated with pus formation. REF: p. 4 18. The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is: a. Exudate b. Transudate c. Pus d. Permeable ANS: A 8 All information provided for reference only This inflammatory exudate in the tissues results in the swelling associated with inflammation. The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure. REF: p. 3 19. The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called: a. An abscess b. Exudate c. Transudate d. Filariasis ANS: C The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure. REF: p. 3 20. A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n): a. Gangrene b. Infarct c. Purpura d. Ecchymosis ANS: B An infarct is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage. REF: p. 5 21. Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as: 9 All information provided for reference only a. Ischemia b. Petechiae c. Filariasis d. Gangrene ANS: A Ischemia refers to an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving the organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients. REF: p. 5 22. The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis especially in the diabetic’s foot is called: a. Infarction b. Gangrene c. Ischemia d. Hemorrhage ANS: B Severe arterial disease of the lower extremities may result in necrosis of several toes or a large segment of the foot, a condition called gangrene. A frequent symptom in diabetic patients is ischemia of the foot, which may progress to infarction and result in gangrene. REF: p. 5 23. A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n): a. Purpura b. Ecchymosis c. Petechia d. Infarct ANS: B EMAIL ME: For help with report, Assignment, Essay and thesis writing 10 All information provided for reference only A large (greater than 1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise, is called an ecchymosis. REF: p. 6 24. An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an): a. Hematoma b. Ecchymosis c. Petechiae d. Pleural effusion ANS: A Blood may be trapped within body tissues resulting in an accumulation called a hematoma. REF: p. 5 25. Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as: a. Petechiae b. Hemorrhage c. Purpura d. Ecchymosis ANS: A Minimal hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae. REF: p. 5 26. Volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of the blood loss will determine the: a. Patient status b. Clinical significance c. Treatment required 11 All information provided for reference only d. All of the above ANS: D The significance of hemorrhage depends on the volume of blood loss, the rate of loss, and the site of the hemorrhage. Sudden losses of up to 20% of the blood volume or slow losses of even larger amounts may have little clinical significance. REF: p. 6 27. When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in: a. Aplasia b. Atrophy c. Hypoplasia d. Dysplasia ANS: B Atrophy refers to a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue. REF: p. 6 28. When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered: a. Hypoplastic b. Dysplastic c. Hyperplastic d. Anaplastic ANS: A Failure of normal development accounts for small size in hypoplasia and aplasia. REF: p. 6 12 All information provided for reference only 29. When increased function of an organ is required, the term _____ is used. a. Neoplastic b. Hypotrophy c. Hyperplasia d. Hypertrophy ANS: D Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function. REF: p. 6 30. The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of: a. Hypertrophy b. Anaplasia c. Hyperplasia d. Dysplasia ANS: C Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Proliferation of granulation tissue in the repair of injury is an example. REF: pp. 6-7 31. The Latin word for “new growth” is: a. Tumor b. Seeding c. Neoplasia d. Ecchymosis ANS: C 13 All information provided for reference only Neoplasia, from the Latin word for new growth, refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells. REF: p. 7 32. New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered: a. Neoplastic b. Benign c. Cachexia d. Malignant ANS: D Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize). REF: p. 7 33. A polyp is a: a. Projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane b. Malignant epithelial neoplasm c. Benign cartilaginous tumor d. Cancer ANS: A An epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane (such as the gastrointestinal tract) is termed a papilloma or a polyp. REF: p. 7 34. A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n): 14 All information provided for reference only a. Adenoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Cystadenoma d. Dysplasia ANS: B Adenocarcinoma refers to malignancies of glandular tissues, such as the breast, liver, and pancreas, and of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. REF: p. 7 35. The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is: a. Benign b. Oncology c. Neoplasia d. Cancer ANS: D Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called carcinomas, from the Greek word karbinos, meaning “crab.” REF: p. 7 36. The study of neoplasms or tumors is called: a. Pathology b. Radiology c. Oncology d. Etiology