FISDAP Medical Exam Review Questions With Correct Answers

Transcient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - Answer Minor stroke, where neurological function os regained quickly with time Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - Answer disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke Cincinnati Stroke Scale - Answer a system used to diagnose a potential stroke ; assesses: ---facial droop ---arm drift ---speech Clonic - Answer pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles Seizure - Answer a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time Aura - Answer An aura often occurs before a migraine or seizure. It may consist of flashing lights, a gleam of light, blurred vision, an odor, the feeling of a breeze, numbness, weakness, or difficulty in speaking. Syncope - Answer "Passing out", loss of consciousness or fainting tonic-clonic seizure - Answer generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups migraine headache - Answer paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries Headache - Answer Pain in any region of the head Oral Glucose Contraindications - Answer 1. Unconsciousness 2. Known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days 3. Unable to swallow Influenza - Answer flu virus Upper GI bleed - Answer Bleeding in the upper gastric tract consisting of tarry stools and may be an indication for PUD or gastric cancers Lower GI bleed - Answer Bleeding in the lower gastric tract consisting or bright red or wine colored stool (hematachezia) Medical Identification - Answer Apparel such as tags, bracelets etc in order to identify the patient or their medical history heat stroke - Answer a condition marked by fever and often by unconsciousness, caused by failure of the body's temperature-regulating mechanism when exposed to excessively high temperatures. Organs of the Abdomen include: - Answer -Solid Organs: Spleen, Liver, Pancreas, Kidneys -Hollow Organs: Stomach, Gallbladder, Duodenum, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Bladder Appendix Regions of the abdomen - Answer epigastric, umbilical, periumbilical, hypogastric, hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac/inguinal, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ, suprapubic Hypovolemic shock - Answer Shock caused by fluid or blood loss. Appendicitis - Answer inflammation of the appendix Anaphylaxis - Answer a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes. Epi-Pen Administration - Answer Place the orange tip against the middle of the outer thigh (upper leg) at a right angle (perpendicular) to the thigh. Swing and push the auto-injector firmly until it "clicks." The click signals that the injection has started. Hold firmly in place for 3 seconds (count slowly 1, 2, 3). Epinephrine Cardiac system - Answer Epinephrine causes constriction in many networks of minute blood vessels but dilates the blood vessels in the skeletal muscles and the liver. In the heart, it increases the rate and force of contraction, thus increasing the output of blood and raising blood pressure. BSI/PPE - Answer Body Substance Isolation and Personal Protective Equipment Pathogens - Answer disease causing agents Salmonella - Answer a bacterium that occurs mainly in the intestine, especially a serotype causing food poisoning. Streptococcus - Answer berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains Pneumonia - Answer Bacterial infection of the lungs, alveoli fill with fluid N95 respirator - Answer Mask with small, tightly woven pores that protects the wearer from airborne infection. hyperglycemia - Answer excessive sugar in the blood Hypoglycemia - Answer abnormally low level of sugar in the blood DKA - Answer diabetic ketoacidosis Treatment of DKA - Answer Fluids, insulin, and aggressive replacement of electrolytes (e.g., K+) Treatment of hyperglycemia - Answer insulin and fluids Treatment of hypoglycemia - Answer Oral glucose and transport Treatment of hypovolemic shock - Answer secure airway, assist ventilations administer high flow O2, control external bleeding, elevate legs (if no fractured extremities) keep warm, transport Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - Answer cold sweats - weakness - trembling - nervousness - irritability - pallor - increased heart rate - confusion - altered LOC and irrational behavior (cerebral glucose defecit) Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia - Answer (1) Sweet, fruity, or acetone (2) Weakness, nausea, vomiting (3) Rapid and weak pulse (4) Deep, rapid respirations Signs and symptoms of DKA - Answer fatigue, polydipsia, polyuria, N/V, change in LOC, dehydration, fruity breath, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, ketones in urine, potassium imbalance (high)