Chem 219 Unit 1 Exam with Correct Solutions 2024

Chem 219 Unit 1 Exam with Correct Solutions catenation - Answer -the bonding of an element to another atom of the same element (carbon likes to do catenation) What controls the properties and reactivity of an organic molecule? - Answer -The molecule's shape and composition Why do atoms form bonds to other atoms? What is the driving force for atoms to join together? - Answer -energetic stability What does energetically stable mean? - Answer -Atoms of elements are more stable when they form bonds to other elements The more stable = the lower the energy What is the valence of an atom? - Answer -The number of bonds an atom will form to fill its valence (outermost) shell When making a Lewis dot structure what does the number of UNPAIRED electrons tell you? - Answer - The number of bonds the atom will form When making a Lewis dot structure what does the number of PAIRS of electrons tell you? - Answer -The non-bonding / lone pairs don't participate in bonding Carbon has 4 valence electrons, what does that tell you? - Answer -Carbon typically makes four bonds in an organic molecule. Ionic bonds - Answer --Formed by the complete TRANSFER of one or more valence electrons from one atom to another atom -The attractive force between oppositely charged ions cation - Answer -when an atom loses electrons and becomes positively charged anion - Answer -The atom that receives the electrons becomes negatively charged ion - Answer -a chemical species that possesses a non-zero electrical charge Covalent bonds - Answer -formed by the SHARING of electrons between elements with little (or no) difference in their electronegativity values ionic vs covalent bonds - Answer -Ionic- Electrons are transferred Covalent- Electrons are shared From what type of bond are ions formed? - Answer -Ionic bonds (not from covalent bonds