Chem&219 Unit 2 NAMING Exam with Correct Solutions

Chem&219 Unit 2 NAMING Exam with Correct Solutions What does the prefix and suffix of the alkanes indicate? - Answer -The prefix of the name (meth-, eth-, prop-, but-) describes the number of carbon atoms present, while the suffix - ane, denotes a saturated hydrocarbon. nomenclature - Answer -The "naming" of a molecular structure, that is more systematic than simply basing the name on the number of carbon atoms present. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) - Answer -The developers and overseers of the method for the systematic nomenclature of organic molecules The IUPAC rules for naming alkanes - Answer -- The suffix "-ane" will be used for all acyclic saturated alkanes. The suffix of a systematic name generally describes the major family/class of molecule, and so this will be different for different families of molecules. - Linear (continuous) alkanes are named by combining the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms to the suffix "-ane". It is generally recommended for the study of organic chemistry that the prefixes associated with up to ten carbons be memorized (-meth through -dec). - If an alkane is branched (non-continuous carbon skeleton) then the parent name of the molecule is determined by identifying the longest continuous chain of carbons in the skeleton. (not the total number of carbons) - A substituent is any group attached to the parent chain. A substituent can be a heteroatom, like Cl or Br, or a group of atoms. Saturated hydrocarbon substituents are known as alkyl groups. The name of an alkyl substituent is determined by using a prefix corresponding to the number of carbons present and changing the -ane suffix to "-yl". Thus, a one-carbon substituent is a methyl group, and a four-carbon group would be a butyl group, and so forth - The carbons that compose the parent chain are numbered, starting at the end of the parent chain closest to the first substituent. This will allow each carbon in the parent chain to have a unique identifier, known as a locant, to describe the position of substituents on the parent chain. The name and locant position of each substituent will be incorporated into the overall name of the compound.