M- Genetics Chapter 14 Study Guide: Summary Questions and Answers

What type of information does a karyotype reveal about a person? - ***Shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size. What are the sex chromosomes of a normal male? - ***One X chromosome, and one Y chromosome What are the sex chromosomes of a female? - ***Two copies of the X chromosome. How are human traits transmitted? - ***By genes A - ***AA or AO B - ***BB or BO AB - ***AB O - ***OO How are sex-linked genes/diseases transmitted? - ***through the X or Y chromosomes of the parents. What is X-chromosomes inactivation? - ***It is when one the X-Chromosomes is inactivated, forming a condensed region that a special RNA molecule can bind to keep it condensed. It can determine the sex of a cat because male cats with one chromsome can have spots of only one color, while females have two chromsome and can have multiple colored spots. What can a pedigree be used for? - ***It is used to show the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations. What do the geometric shapes of a pedigree mean. - ***Squares symbolize men, circles represent women, horizontal lines means they had an offspring, vertical is the offspring. What is the relationship between non-disjunction and chromosomal disorders? - ***It is when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes to be produced. What is the cause of Turner's syndrome. - ***Nondisjunction of the X Chromosomes. Women only inherit one X chromosome. What is the cause of Down Syndrome? - ***The fail to separate autosomal chromosome during meiosis which leads to an extra chromosome. Trisomy chromosome 2