IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS
KlausurSS17
1. Which cell derived from which precursor?
B-cell Lymphoid
Macrophage Myeloid
Mast Cell Myeloid
NK cell Lymphoid
Red Blood Cell Myeloid
Basophil Myeloid
Platelets Myeloid
Monocyes Myeloid
2. Which are primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Tonsil Secondary
Spleen Secondary
Bone marrow Primary
Payer’s patches Secondary
Adenoids Secondary
Thymus Primary
Lymph nodes Secondary
3. What is a germinal center? Please name immunological mechanisms acting in a germinal
center.
Germinal center is area in peripheral lymph nodes where there is proliferation and
differentiation of mature B-cells. Mutate antibodies through somatic hypermutation and
there is class switching of antibodies as a normal immune response to an infection.
Isotype switching: changes a B-cell’s production of antibody from one class to another e.g
IGM to IgI. Variable region does not change so class switching does not affect antigen
specificity. Instead the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens but can interact with
different effector molecules.
4. What are the 3main functions of the complement system?
a. Opsonization
b. Killing
c. Inflammation
5. Which of the complement molecules can covalently link to microbial surfaces? Please
name the chemical bond involved in binding to microbial surfaces.
C4b, C3b, C1q
Thioester
6. Please name a defective gene leading to the disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PIGA-gene. CD59 Defects result in malfunctions of complement regulatory factors which
result in premature lysis of rbc
7. What type of cell is derived from monocytes?
Macrophage
Dendritic Cells
b. How can you experimentally generate this cell type from monocytes
, Macrophage – M-CSF or GM-CSF (M2 and M1 phenotype respectively)
Dendritic cell – GM-CSF + IL4/3
8. Name 2 physiological and one viral ligand of CD21/CR2
EBV
C3d (what is C3dg)
iC3b
9. Your skin gets punctured while you work in a garden. How do antigens, which enter the
wound, reach the immunological organs? Please name the cell type mediating this. How
do these cells show antigens to the lymphoid cells and which molecules are involved.
Reach immunological organs via dendritic cells
Mediated by neutrophils and macrophages
Presentation to lymphoid cells by
10. What do T-cell receptors bind to?
MHC and peptide
11. Please name the molecules involved in rolling adhesion and tight binding?
a. Rolling adhesion – selectin
b. Tight binding – integrin & Ig superfamily
12. What are the molecules involved in the assembly and loading of the MHC classI molecules
and where do they act?
13. What are P-nucleotides?
Base analogs
Bases derived from opening a hairpin X
Additional nucleotides inserted by TDT
14. What is the major mechanism how chickens diversity their antibody repertoire. Explain.
Somatic hypermutation
Gene Conversion X
Class switch
15. What is the function of CLIP and where and how is CLIP released from this receptor?
CLIP prevents binding of other proteins/peptides other than antigen
HLA-DM for release
16. Name the T-cell receptor associated signal-transducing molecules.
CD3 complex X
Ig alpha
Ig beta
Native antigen
17. How are signals via the IgM B-cell receptor transmitted into cells. Please describe the
receptor complex associated molecules and their functional domains.
18. Name the key cytokine in the development of IgE and IgG expressing B cells.
KlausurSS17
1. Which cell derived from which precursor?
B-cell Lymphoid
Macrophage Myeloid
Mast Cell Myeloid
NK cell Lymphoid
Red Blood Cell Myeloid
Basophil Myeloid
Platelets Myeloid
Monocyes Myeloid
2. Which are primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Tonsil Secondary
Spleen Secondary
Bone marrow Primary
Payer’s patches Secondary
Adenoids Secondary
Thymus Primary
Lymph nodes Secondary
3. What is a germinal center? Please name immunological mechanisms acting in a germinal
center.
Germinal center is area in peripheral lymph nodes where there is proliferation and
differentiation of mature B-cells. Mutate antibodies through somatic hypermutation and
there is class switching of antibodies as a normal immune response to an infection.
Isotype switching: changes a B-cell’s production of antibody from one class to another e.g
IGM to IgI. Variable region does not change so class switching does not affect antigen
specificity. Instead the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens but can interact with
different effector molecules.
4. What are the 3main functions of the complement system?
a. Opsonization
b. Killing
c. Inflammation
5. Which of the complement molecules can covalently link to microbial surfaces? Please
name the chemical bond involved in binding to microbial surfaces.
C4b, C3b, C1q
Thioester
6. Please name a defective gene leading to the disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PIGA-gene. CD59 Defects result in malfunctions of complement regulatory factors which
result in premature lysis of rbc
7. What type of cell is derived from monocytes?
Macrophage
Dendritic Cells
b. How can you experimentally generate this cell type from monocytes
, Macrophage – M-CSF or GM-CSF (M2 and M1 phenotype respectively)
Dendritic cell – GM-CSF + IL4/3
8. Name 2 physiological and one viral ligand of CD21/CR2
EBV
C3d (what is C3dg)
iC3b
9. Your skin gets punctured while you work in a garden. How do antigens, which enter the
wound, reach the immunological organs? Please name the cell type mediating this. How
do these cells show antigens to the lymphoid cells and which molecules are involved.
Reach immunological organs via dendritic cells
Mediated by neutrophils and macrophages
Presentation to lymphoid cells by
10. What do T-cell receptors bind to?
MHC and peptide
11. Please name the molecules involved in rolling adhesion and tight binding?
a. Rolling adhesion – selectin
b. Tight binding – integrin & Ig superfamily
12. What are the molecules involved in the assembly and loading of the MHC classI molecules
and where do they act?
13. What are P-nucleotides?
Base analogs
Bases derived from opening a hairpin X
Additional nucleotides inserted by TDT
14. What is the major mechanism how chickens diversity their antibody repertoire. Explain.
Somatic hypermutation
Gene Conversion X
Class switch
15. What is the function of CLIP and where and how is CLIP released from this receptor?
CLIP prevents binding of other proteins/peptides other than antigen
HLA-DM for release
16. Name the T-cell receptor associated signal-transducing molecules.
CD3 complex X
Ig alpha
Ig beta
Native antigen
17. How are signals via the IgM B-cell receptor transmitted into cells. Please describe the
receptor complex associated molecules and their functional domains.
18. Name the key cytokine in the development of IgE and IgG expressing B cells.
