Cambridge International AS & A Level
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/32
Paper 3 Specialist Options: Theory May/June 2023
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
* 1 0 6 1 0 6 8 2 5 2 *
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer four questions in total:
Answer questions from two options.
For each chosen option, answer all questions.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (CE) 313200/1
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
, 2
Psychology and abnormality
Answer all questions.
1 (a) For one specific phobia:
Identify two characteristics of this phobia. [2]
(b) Describe the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias (Freud, 1909). [4]
(c) Explain one strength and one weakness of the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias. [6]
2 (a) Describe the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. [8]
(b) Evaluate the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders,
including a discussion about reductionism versus holism. [10]
Psychology and consumer behaviour
Answer all questions.
3 (a) Vrechopoulos (2004) investigated virtual interior layouts of grocery stores.
Outline the ‘grid’ store layout. You may include a diagram in your answer. [2]
(b) Describe the study by Guéguen et al. (2007) on music in open air markets. [4]
(c) Explain two strengths of the study by Guéguen et al. [6]
4 (a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about ‘buying the product’ (theory of planned
behaviour, black box model, consumer decision model). [8]
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about ‘buying the product’ (theory of planned
behaviour, black box model, consumer decision model), including a discussion about practical
applications. [10]
© UCLES 2023 9990/32/M/J/23
, 3
Psychology and health
Answer all questions.
5 (a) Explain what is meant by ‘organic pain’. [2]
(b) The Wong-Baker rating scale is a measure of children’s pain.
(i) Outline the Wong-Baker rating scale. You may include a diagram in your answer. [2]
(ii) Explain how this scale is used to measure children’s pain. [2]
(c) One difference between the Wong-Baker scale and the McGill pain questionnaire is whether
they are used with children or adults.
Explain two other differences between these pain measures. [6]
6 (a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about health promotion in schools, worksites
and communities. [8]
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about health promotion in schools, worksites
and communities, including a discussion of the longitudinal research method. [10]
Psychology and organisations
Answer all questions.
7 (a) Group decision-making can lead to cognitive limitations and errors including sins of
commission, sins of omission and sins of imprecision (Forsyth, 2006).
Explain what is meant by ‘sins of commission’. [2]
(b) Describe Belbin’s theory of team roles. [4]
(c) Explain one strength and one weakness of Belbin’s theory of team roles. [6]
8 (a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about traditional and modern theories of
leadership (universalist and behavioural theories, adaptive leadership, three levels of
leadership). [8]
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about traditional and modern theories of
leadership (universalist and behavioural theories, adaptive leadership, three levels of
leadership), including a discussion about determinism versus free-will. [10]
© UCLES 2023 9990/32/M/J/23
PSYCHOLOGY 9990/32
Paper 3 Specialist Options: Theory May/June 2023
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
* 1 0 6 1 0 6 8 2 5 2 *
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer four questions in total:
Answer questions from two options.
For each chosen option, answer all questions.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (CE) 313200/1
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
, 2
Psychology and abnormality
Answer all questions.
1 (a) For one specific phobia:
Identify two characteristics of this phobia. [2]
(b) Describe the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias (Freud, 1909). [4]
(c) Explain one strength and one weakness of the psychoanalytic explanation of phobias. [6]
2 (a) Describe the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. [8]
(b) Evaluate the treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders,
including a discussion about reductionism versus holism. [10]
Psychology and consumer behaviour
Answer all questions.
3 (a) Vrechopoulos (2004) investigated virtual interior layouts of grocery stores.
Outline the ‘grid’ store layout. You may include a diagram in your answer. [2]
(b) Describe the study by Guéguen et al. (2007) on music in open air markets. [4]
(c) Explain two strengths of the study by Guéguen et al. [6]
4 (a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about ‘buying the product’ (theory of planned
behaviour, black box model, consumer decision model). [8]
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about ‘buying the product’ (theory of planned
behaviour, black box model, consumer decision model), including a discussion about practical
applications. [10]
© UCLES 2023 9990/32/M/J/23
, 3
Psychology and health
Answer all questions.
5 (a) Explain what is meant by ‘organic pain’. [2]
(b) The Wong-Baker rating scale is a measure of children’s pain.
(i) Outline the Wong-Baker rating scale. You may include a diagram in your answer. [2]
(ii) Explain how this scale is used to measure children’s pain. [2]
(c) One difference between the Wong-Baker scale and the McGill pain questionnaire is whether
they are used with children or adults.
Explain two other differences between these pain measures. [6]
6 (a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about health promotion in schools, worksites
and communities. [8]
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about health promotion in schools, worksites
and communities, including a discussion of the longitudinal research method. [10]
Psychology and organisations
Answer all questions.
7 (a) Group decision-making can lead to cognitive limitations and errors including sins of
commission, sins of omission and sins of imprecision (Forsyth, 2006).
Explain what is meant by ‘sins of commission’. [2]
(b) Describe Belbin’s theory of team roles. [4]
(c) Explain one strength and one weakness of Belbin’s theory of team roles. [6]
8 (a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about traditional and modern theories of
leadership (universalist and behavioural theories, adaptive leadership, three levels of
leadership). [8]
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about traditional and modern theories of
leadership (universalist and behavioural theories, adaptive leadership, three levels of
leadership), including a discussion about determinism versus free-will. [10]
© UCLES 2023 9990/32/M/J/23
