Dynamics Rutgers Exam Questions with Correct Answers

Dynamics Rutgers Exam Questions with Correct Answers Prehistoric - answer* BC *Believed that evil spirits in the body caused illness *Trepination- drilling holes in the skull to relieve evil spirits *most medicine was rooted in religious or spiritual beliefs *less spread of disease due to: -small communities -nomadic lifestyles ancient egyptians - answer*3000 BC- AD 500 *kept health records superstitious-- called upon the gods to heal them *religion prohibited dissection of the body, but they had some basic knowledge of anatomy *used medicinal plants to treat diseases *used tannic acid to treat burns ancient chinese - answer*religion prohibited dissection monitored the pulse to determine the condition of the body *used herbs for medication *used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion *qi or chi- inner energy flows through the system with meridians ancient greeks - answer*1200 BC- 200 BC *observed the human body and the affects of disease *hippocrates called "Father of Medicine" - he rejected the idea that illnesses were caused by supernatural forces. he emphasized prognosis -prognosis is educated guess about the outcome of a disease or injury -hippocratic oath- serves as the moral basis for many medical regulations and guidelines still in use today. ancient romans - answer*753 BC - AD 410 *emphasis was on preventative health care *built public health and sanitation systems: -created aqueducts to carry clean water to cities -built sewers to carry waste away from cities *developed the first hospitals. They also introduced the idea of medical specialists medieval times - answer*AD 500- AD 1300 *fall of the Roman Empire suspended medical progress *Some belived that only god could heal so they considered medicine and unsuitable profession for Christians *Monks and priests provided care in monasteries--- -custodial care given and prayer --hygiene-oral, eat food, toileting, dress, bathing *Medications were mainly herbal mixtures *a significant work produced during this period was the canon of medicine written by Persian physician Avicenna, which explained the causes of many common diseases and set a new standard for medical practice throughout much of Europe and Asia The Renaissance - answer*AD 1300- AD 1600 * at the beginning of this period many western Europeans were living in unsanitary conditions that allowed the spread of plagues and other contagious diseases * a pandemic of the bubonic plague killed over half of the population of Europe and Asia * many diseases were small pox, TB, typhoid, plague, and malaria *following the tragedy, there was a renewed interest in the study of medicine *development of the printing press further progressed the way we learned *Andreas Vesalius a physician, revealed detailed information on the human body through dissection *his writings and illustrations were published as the first comprehensive book of anatomy * this period also brought the establishment of the first medical universities Modern Times - answer*AD 1600- present *Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart *Inventions: microscope, mercury thermometer, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer *Freud studies formed the basis for psychology and psychiatry *Fleming discovered penicillin *crick and Watson described the structure of DNA *christian Bernard performed the first human heart transplant *health insurance plans were developed *AIDS was identified *first test-tube baby born *amniocentesis was developed to diagnose inherited diseases before birth *the CAT scan and MRI were developed Medication and Vaccinations - answer*Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox *Developed the theory that most infectious diseases are caused by germs and pasteurizing milk will kill bacteria- Louis Pasteur *koch= "Father of Microbiology" *Salk and sabin= first polio vaccine hygiene and sanitation - answer*Florence Nightingale -considered to be the Founder of Modern Nursing -Improved standards of hygiene and sanitation of medical care * Joseph Lister- stated using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection military actions - answer*MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) *Use of helicopter ambulances *advancement of surgery during war