Rasmussen Patho Final Exam Review 2024 Questions with correct Answers

Rasmussen Patho Final Exam Review 2024 Questions with correct Answers When a child has a cleft Lip/palate, what is it due to ? - answerCongenital What type of hepatitis is transmitted through fecal/oral route? - answerHepatitis A What is the cause of acute pancreatitis? - answerGallstones What can cause functional bowel obstruction? - answerNervous system/adhesion surrounding the bowels What disease can cause heartburn? - answerGERD, Peptic Ulcer Disease What is telescoping of one piece of bell into another? - answerIntussusception What is the cause of chronic pancreatitis? - answerchronic alcohol use What are examples of inflammatory bowel disorders? - answerCrohn's and ulcerative colitis What is the disease caused by H. Pylori? - answerPeptic ulcer disease Why would a patient with antibiotics develop diarrhea? - answerAntibiotics kill the good normal flora in our gut along with the bad What is the cause of hiatal hernia? - answerA hiatial hernia is caused by weakness of the diaphragmatic muscle and increased intra-abdominal - not intrathoracic - pressure. Can intussusception cause mechanical bowel obstruction? - answerYes If a patient has a rigid abdomen, what could they have? - answerPeritonitis Rebound tenderness is a symptom of what? - answerAppendicitis If a patient has Gerd what is the most serious complication? - answerEsophageal varices What is gastroenteritis? - answerinflammation of the stomach and intestines lining What can gastroenteritis lead to? - answerDehydration, electrolyte imbalance If patient has gallstones obstructing the bile duct where would they feel pain? - answerRight upper quadrant What does dysphagia mean? - answerdifficulty swallowing What can a patient with dysphagia have? - answerWeight loss What is acute gastritis? - answerinflammation of the gastric mucosa Patient experiences epigastric pain 30-2 hours after eating what could this be a sign of? - answerDuodenal ulcer What is ulcerative colitis? - answerChronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the colonic mucosa If a patient has portal hypertension what can lead to high mortality? - answerEsophageal varices rupturing and causing bleeding What is hematemesis? - answervomiting blood If a patient has chronic gastric ulcers what can they present with? - answerBlood in stool Where can a patient with diverticulitis feel pain? - answerLeft lower quadrant What can cause Pyelonephritis - answerE-coli from UTI What electrolyte is an abnormal with chronic kidney disease? - answerPotassium What is the purpose of dialysis? - answerTake out excess fluid and waste from blood What can cause obstruction in the renal system? - answerStones in ureters What can cause pre-renal kidney injury? - answerDehydration that leads to hypotension What can cause intrarenal injuries? - answerContrast dyes What can cause post-renal injuries? - answerBlockage of stones or BPH What two conditions are responsible for chronic kidney diseases? - answerDiabetes and hypertension What is a classic manifestation of glomerulonephritis? - answerProtein in the urine. What organism is responsible for pelvic inflammatory disease? - answerGonorrhea What organism causes syphilis? - answerTreponema palladium What disorder is caused with the increased secretion of growth hormone in adulthood? - answerAcromegaly What is diabetes insipidus, what does patient complained of? - answerADH insufficiency always thirsty, increased urinary output What is SIADH? - answerInvolves excessive release of antidiuretic hormone - causes fluid retention, causing edema, increased urine osmolarity (concentration) and hyponatremia What is the difference between type one and type two diabetes? - answerType one tends to be inherited and is when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Type two can be caused by poor diet and obesity and is when the body doesn't react to the insulin produced. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? - answerHashimoto's thyroiditis What can be a symptom of extreme hypothyroidism? - answerMyxedema How can stress lead to diabetes? - answerIncreases glucocorticoids, elevates BS What hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland? - answerGH prolactin- promotes lactation ACTH- tells adrenal glands to release corticosteroids TSH ADH- retains water oxytocin- used in labor luteinizing hormone- stimulates ovulation, testosterone FSH- works with LH for ovulation, spermatogenesis What is Graves' disease? - answerHyper thyroidism, bulging eyes, tachycardia Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? - answerWeakness, insomnia, tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea, emotional of people and extremes, "everything speeds up" Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? - answerGrowth retardation, physical activity, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, cold intolerance, and delayed puberty, metromenorrhagia Which of the following conditions is a progressive inflammatory disorder in which the joints calcify infused together in the back and or nearby areas? - answerAnkylosing spondylitis What does hypokalemia mean? - answerlow potassium What should you monitor with hypokalemia? - answerHeart-can lead to arrhythmias Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? - answerfatigue, weakness, anorexia, N/V, cardiac dysrhythmias, leg cramps, muscle weakness, & paresthesias. ECG changes- ST segment depression, flattened T wave & a U wave. What are catecholamines? - answerepinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight) What is the function of albumin? - answerto maintain osmotic pressure which prevents plasma from leaking into tiss