CCI Echocardiography Practice Questions with Complete Solutions

CCI Echocardiography Practice Questions with Complete Solutions Which Aortic leaflet is the superior one in the PSLA Right Leaflet Name the tricuspid leaflets Posterior and Anterior The coronary arteries come off of the.. Sinus of Valsalva Name the vessels coming off the arch and the most proximal or distal. Innominate (proximal), left carotid, and the left subclavian (distal) What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? Coarctation of the Aorta Where do the most aortic Coarctation occur? After the take-off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus Where are the pulmonary veins loca? Which ones are seen in this view? Rights and left superior (upper) pulmonary veins Where is the coronary sinus located? Posterior AV groove To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the transducer.. Posterior During which phase do the coronaries fill? early diastole Where is the chiari network located? RA What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole? A wave Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE TTE probes are usually higher 5-7MGz, while TTE probes are 2-7MHz At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe? 40-45C Know TEE views by esophageal level (know mid esophageal- ME and transgastric) and degrees. 4ch- 0 degrees 2ch- 90 degrees LAX- 120 degrees Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker? The SA node has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue. The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the epicardium. Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above. What is the absolute refractory state? That period when a muscle cell is not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative refractory period' is during phase 3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is strong. Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents P wave- atrial systole P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization) QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization) What is the normal duration for the QRS complex? 0.10 sec Frank-Sterling Law Increased volume= increased contractility RUBBER BAND THEORY Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve Chronic AI is failure when we drop off the end Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload? yes (when shunt L-R) Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... Preload= dilatation Afterload= hypertrophy Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction? CXR Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration? Increase Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases? Increases Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR. Severe Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP? 70mmHg A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP