NUR 231 Pathophysiology Exam#1 Questions With Verified Answers 2024/2025

NUR 231 Pathophysiology Exam#1 Questions With Verified Answers 2024/2025 Idiopathic infection - answerDiseases that have no identifiable cause Iatrogenic infection - answerDiseases that occur as a result of medical treatment Acute infection - answershort term infection many times is more severe but with sudden onset and short duration Nosocomial infection - answerinfection obtained while in healthcare setting Communicable infection - answercontagious Insidious disease - answerdisease with no symptoms until opportunity presents itself ex) AIDS Epidemiology - answerStudy of the disease in the population Mortality - answeractual death; death rate Morbidity - answerHow many people come down with it? How does the disease affect the individual? Prevalence - answerNumber of cases in population during specified period. Incidence - answerNumber of new cases occurring in specified period. Hypertrophy - answerovergrowth of a muscle cells ventricular hypertrophy Hyperplasia - answerovergrowth of cells Metaplasia and who does this happen to? - answerchange from one cell type to another cell type Smokers will see this due to chronic irritation of the airway, this eventually leads to cancer Dysplasia - answerDeformed cells, precursor to cancer Atrophy - answerLoss of growth Benign vs Malignant - answerBenign: slow growing encapsulated mass of differentiated cells. similar to normal cells with fairly normal mitosis. remains localized and life threatening if in brain. Malignant: rapidly growing anaplastic cells that invade nearby tissue and spread through blood and lymph system. Anaplasia - answerundifferentiated and overgrowing cells without form; aka CANCER Hypoxia - answerlow levels of oxygen to an area -usually, but not always, due to ischemia Ischemia and what are its affects - answeroverall lack of blood flow to an area -can cause cardiac ischemia, mesenteric ischemia, stroke. -Infarcted: when cells have been deprived of oxygen for too long and there is cell death. -huge problem in heat and CNS because those cells don't recover. What is Apoptosis? - answerProgrammed cell death What is Necrosis and what are the different types (6)? - answerCell death 1. Liquefaction: liquified tissue from enzymes. 2. Coagulative: dead tissue retains form. 3. Fat: broken down fatty acids (induce inflammation). 4. Caseous: cheesy. 5. Infarction: cell death from hypoxia. 6. Gangrene: bacterial infected necrotic tissue. What are the 6 types of Exudate? - answer1. Serous: clear yellow fluid. 2. Fibrinous: fibrin (clotting factor). 3. Purulent: "Pus" - many dead WBCs. 4. Abcess: "walled off" to protect health areas. Usually needs to be I&D.