Emergency and Critical Care with correct &verrified rationales

Which of the following is least useful when resuscitating a dog in shock? a. D5W b. Hetastach c. Hypertonic saline d. Plasma-lyte 48 - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. The first drug of choice for a cat that experiences status epilepticus is: a. Diazepam b. Pentobarbital c. Potassium bromide d. Propofol - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Tension pneumothorax occurs when pressure in the thoracic cavity is: a. Less than atmospheric pressure b. Equal to atmospheric pressure c. Greater than atmospheric pressure d. Constant as animal breathes in and out - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. Emesis should not be induced in patients that have ingested: a. Anticholinergics b. Hydrocarbons c. Organophosphates d. Salicylates - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. The mucous membranes of a dog in septic shock are: a. Cyanotic b. Hyperemic c. Icteric d. Pale - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. The most desirable induction agent for an emergency cesarean section in a dog is: a. Etomidate b. Diazepam c. Propofol d. Thiopental - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. The underlying disease for most cases of feline aortic thromboembolism is _________ in origin. a. Cardiac b. Hepatic c. Renal d. Respiratory - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. To reduce intracranial pressure that results from trauma, __________ may be administered every 4 to 8 hours. a. Atropine b. Dexamethasone c. Diazepam d. Mannitol - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. Four patients present at the same time with emergency conditions. In which order should the patients be triaged? a. Dyspnea, dystocia, proptosis, laceration b. Proptosis, dyspnea, dystocia, laceration c. Laceration, dystocia, dyspnea, proptosis d. Dystocia, proptosis, laceration, dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Which of the following conditions heals best through first intention? a. Abscess b. Degloving c. Simple laceration d. Puncture wound - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. A patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. The most desirable route of drug administration is: a. Intrathecal b. Intracardiac c. Intravenous d. Intraosseous - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. A patient that has been hit by a car and has no palpable pulse or detectable heartbeat requires chest compressions. These compressions should be performed at a rate (per minute) of: a. 60-80 compressions per minute b. 80-100 compression per minute c. 100-120 compressions per minute d. 120-140 compression per minute - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. To minimize hemorrhage to the head of a canine trauma patient, where should pressure be applied? a. At the thoracic inlet in both jugular grooves b. At the thoracic inlet of the left jugular grooves c. To the area adjacent and ventral to the mandible d. To the lateral points of the temporomandibular joint - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. In emergency care cases in which it is not possible to administer large volumes of desired fluids, it may be beneficial to properly administer: a. D5W b. Hypertonic saline c. Hypotonic saline d. Isotonic saline - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. During emergency intubation, the cranial nerve _______ may be stimulated, resulting in ________> a. I; bradycardia b. IV; tachycardia c. X; bradycardia d. XII; tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. A man phones the veterinary practice to say that he has just hit a dog with his car and it is now lying on the side of the road. It appears to be breathing with minimal distress; however, there is blood coming from both nostrils and there is small river of dark blood coming from a laceration on the lateral side of its hind leg. The dog can raise its head and is attempting to stand. In advising the man, your recommendation is to do all of the following except: a. Be aware for any signs of aggression b. Tie the mouth securely closed with your shoelace c. Transport the dog on a board lying on its side d. Apply direct pressure to the wound - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. A normal central venous pressure (CVP) range is: a. 0-5 cm H2O b. 5-10 cm H2O c. 10-15 cm H2O d. 15-20 cm H2O - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. When monitoring patients on fluids and/or patients that undergo diuresis, urine output is an important consideration. The normal urine production for a healthy dog or cat is approximately: a. 0-1 mL/kg/hr b. 1-2 mL/kg/hr c. 2-3 mL/kg/hr d. 3-4 mL/kg/hr - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. Multiple parameters are measured to determine a category of shock that an animal might be experiencing. The central venous pressure is high in which of the following types of shock? a. Cardiogenic b. Distributive c. Hypovolemic d. Septic - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Hypoglycemia is most common in patients that experience: a. Anaphylactic shock b. Cardiogenic shock c. Neurogenic shock d. Septic shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. A patient has increased muscular tone in the thoracic limbs and flaccid paralysis in the pelvic limbs when lying on his side. He is able to ambulate when placed on his feet an has a normal mentation. What posture do these clinical signs indicate? a. Decerebellate b. Decerebrate c. Opisthotonus d. Schiff-Sherrington - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. The Schiff-Sherrington posture is indicative of injury to which part of the spine?a a. Cranial -C6 b. C6-T2 c. T1-T3 d. T3-L3 - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. NSAIDs are also referred to as: a. Anti-protaglandins b. Neoprostaglandins c. Pro-prostaglandins d. Prostaglandoids - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Which of the following is a colloid solution? a. Hetastarch b. Lactated Ringer's c. Normosol-R d. Plasma-Lyte 148 - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Defibrillation is the passing of an electrical current through the heart to: a. Cause the already depolarized cardiac cells to depolarize in a uniform manner b. Cause the cardiac cells to depolarize and then depolarize in a uniform manner c. Prevent the cardiac cells from depolarizing , thus maintaining rhythm d. Prevent any contractile activity of the cardiac cells temporarily - CORRECT ANSWERS-b. Which of the following is least likely to be seen in a patient suffering from shock? a. Hyperthermia b. Hypotension c. Tachycardia d. Tachypnea - CORRECT ANSWERS-a. Gastric dilatation/volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening emergency. Which of the following veins becomes obstructed as a result of GDV? a. Femoral vein b. Gastroduodenal vein c. Portal vein d. Renal vein - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. The unit of measurement for insulin is: a. Milliliters b. Microliters c. Milligrams d. International units - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. Dystocia in the dog or cat may be defined as active straining without delivery of a fetus for more than ________ minutes. a. 20 minutes b. 30 minutes c. 40 minutes d. 60 minutes - CORRECT ANSWERS-d. When approaching an animal that requires emergency treatment, which direction should one approach the patient? a. Caudal b. Lateral c. Rostral d. Let the animal try to come to you - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. Ocular exposure to a toxin has occurred in a dog. On examination, it is discovered that there is a possible damage to the corneal epithelium. Which of the following procedures is contraindicated? a. Continuous flushing with physiologic saline b. Provision of mild sedative or analgesic or both c. Corticosteroid administration to prevent inflammation d. Use of antibiotic cream after flushing - CORRECT ANSWERS-c. A client calls the veterinary practice indicating that her cat drank ethylene glycol 6 hours earlier. Everyone is at lunch,