Brooks Biological Principles Exam 4 Questions and Answers 100% Verified!
Blending Inheritance Theory - ANSWER-Theory that the traits of parents were blended together to result in an equal distribution of traits in their offspring
Mendel's First Theory - ANSWER-The principle of segregation (First Law): The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes
Factors - ANSWER-Genes, separated during gametogenesis
Allele - ANSWER-An alternative form of a gene.
Genotype - ANSWER-An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Phenotype - ANSWER-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Dominant Trait - ANSWER-Will always show up in an offspring when it's allele is present
Recessive Trait - ANSWER-a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
Homozygous - ANSWER-An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous - ANSWER-An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Hybrid - ANSWER-Another term for heterozygous genotype
AKA the F1 generation
True Breeder - ANSWER-The P generation, homozygous breeding in which the parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring only with the same phenotype.
Advantage of being diploid - ANSWER-you have two genes of each type (two chances of it working)
Genome - ANSWER-All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
*all cells in an organism have the same genome, cell activates different genes depending on what type of cell it is* Locus - ANSWER-Location of a gene on a chromosome
Punet Square - ANSWER-Used to demonstrate the *unique* gamete genotypes
mono-hybrid cross - ANSWER-A cross involving only one gene.
results in a 1:2:1 genotype, and a 3:1 Phenotype
Mendels Second Law - ANSWER-The Principle of independent assortment. States when gametes are formed the genes for one trait separate independently of the alleles of the gene for the other trait
Dihybrid Cross - ANSWER-Cross or mating between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
Linked Genes - ANSWER-Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses.
Unlinked Genes - ANSWER-genes not belonging to the same genetic linkage group. They are not inherited together.
Test cross - ANSWER-the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
Recombination Mapping - ANSWER-mapping of linkage groups with one map unit representing 1% recombination
Cytological Mapping - ANSWER-mapping by chromosome staining, such as G staining to establish karyotype
Linkage Group - ANSWER-Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together
Independent Assortment - ANSWER-One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Linkage Groups - ANSWER-Groups of traits that are on the same chromosome.
Autosomes - ANSWER-Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, 22 in human
Sex Chromosome - ANSWER-One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human, contains genes that will determine the sex of the individual.
Other Factors Contributing to Sec etermination - ANSWER-Temperature (Sea turtle and
alligator eggs)
Haploid/ Diploid
Blending Inheritance Theory - ANSWER-Theory that the traits of parents were blended together to result in an equal distribution of traits in their offspring
Mendel's First Theory - ANSWER-The principle of segregation (First Law): The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes
Factors - ANSWER-Genes, separated during gametogenesis
Allele - ANSWER-An alternative form of a gene.
Genotype - ANSWER-An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Phenotype - ANSWER-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Dominant Trait - ANSWER-Will always show up in an offspring when it's allele is present
Recessive Trait - ANSWER-a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
Homozygous - ANSWER-An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous - ANSWER-An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Hybrid - ANSWER-Another term for heterozygous genotype
AKA the F1 generation
True Breeder - ANSWER-The P generation, homozygous breeding in which the parents with a particular phenotype produce offspring only with the same phenotype.
Advantage of being diploid - ANSWER-you have two genes of each type (two chances of it working)
Genome - ANSWER-All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
*all cells in an organism have the same genome, cell activates different genes depending on what type of cell it is* Locus - ANSWER-Location of a gene on a chromosome
Punet Square - ANSWER-Used to demonstrate the *unique* gamete genotypes
mono-hybrid cross - ANSWER-A cross involving only one gene.
results in a 1:2:1 genotype, and a 3:1 Phenotype
Mendels Second Law - ANSWER-The Principle of independent assortment. States when gametes are formed the genes for one trait separate independently of the alleles of the gene for the other trait
Dihybrid Cross - ANSWER-Cross or mating between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
Linked Genes - ANSWER-Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses.
Unlinked Genes - ANSWER-genes not belonging to the same genetic linkage group. They are not inherited together.
Test cross - ANSWER-the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
Recombination Mapping - ANSWER-mapping of linkage groups with one map unit representing 1% recombination
Cytological Mapping - ANSWER-mapping by chromosome staining, such as G staining to establish karyotype
Linkage Group - ANSWER-Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together
Independent Assortment - ANSWER-One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Linkage Groups - ANSWER-Groups of traits that are on the same chromosome.
Autosomes - ANSWER-Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, 22 in human
Sex Chromosome - ANSWER-One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human, contains genes that will determine the sex of the individual.
Other Factors Contributing to Sec etermination - ANSWER-Temperature (Sea turtle and
alligator eggs)
Haploid/ Diploid
