HLST 200 Final Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers

HLST 200 Final Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers What is a virus? - answerSmall, infectious pathogen Must have a living cell to reproduce May alter host DNA or leave their own DNA What are some of the diseases caused by viruses? - answerGastroenteritis Flu Herpes Hepatitis HIV/AIDS What is a bacteria? - answerOne cell organisms with rigid cell walls that are capable of replicating their own DNA What are some diseases caused by bacteria? - answerUTI's Tuberculosis Toxic shock syndrome Strep throat What are fungi? - answerEukaryotic organisms that spread through reproductive spores and absorb nutrients from organic matter What are some conditions caused by fungi? - answerAthlete's foot Fungal nail infection Mouldy food What is protozoa? - answerSingle-celled, microscopic animals that release enzymes and toxins that destroy cells/interfere with their function What are some diseases caused by protozoa? - answerGiardiasis Malaria What are helminths? - answerSmall parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs and compete with the host for nutrients What are some conditions caused by helminths? - answerSchistosomiasis Tapeworms Describe the chain of infection - answerInfectious agent Reservoirs (place where infectious agent can grow) Portal of Exit Mode of transmission (way to move from reservoir to host) Portals of entry Susceptible host (depends on person's health and level of exposure to infectious agent or pathogen) What is vector borne transmission? - answerWhen an insect or animal transmits a disease to humans What are the 5 methods of pathogen transmission? - answerDirect contact—body surface to body surface Indirect contact—contact of a susceptible host with hands or objects that are contaminated Droplet transmission—spread by nasal, oral, conjunctival mucosa that come into contact with large droplets containing germs from an infected person Airborne transmission—very small droplets containing germs that are suspended in air/dust. Spread by air currents and enter into respiratory tract Common vehicle transmission—contact with contaminated equipment, food, water, medications What is humoral immunity? - answerProtection provided by antibodies from white blood cells (B lymphocytes) that fight against specific antigens Effective during bacterial or viral infections Active vs passive Immunity - answerActive - body makes its own antibodies to a pathogen Passive - Immunity produced by injection of gamma globulin (antibody-containing part of blood from another person or animal that has antibodies) What is cell mediated immunity? - answerProtection by T cells that are made in bone marrow and carried to thymus for maturation May activate other immune cells, help in antibody-mediated responses, suppress lymphocyte activity What are some factors that influence risk of disease? - answerAge Chronic Illness Respiratory conditions Occupations in close contact List key features of the Common Cold - answerSpread by cough, sneezes, touch Recommended to take Advil (not Tylenol or ASA) to treat specific symptoms Symptoms include cough, sore throat, runny nose, low energy List key features of the Flu - answerIncubation period of 2 days Influenza strains A and B cause most infections Spread through coughs, sneezing Vaccine available and reduces severity of symptoms Antivirals prevent protein production that results in virus moving from cell to cell Different strains can originate from birds, pigs List key features of SARS - answerRespiratory illness caused by coronavirus Can progress from cough, shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, fever to pneumonia or respiratory failure Known risk factors are recent travel to an area where SARS is spreading locally and recent close contact with someone who is ill and either has SARS or has been to an area where SARS is spreading locally List key features of Meningitis - answerInfection of fluid and membranes around brain and SC Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi Symptoms include fever, drowsiness/confusion, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting Progresses rapidly and if untreated, can lead to permanent hearing loss, brain damage, seizures, death Common in first year of life and ages 15-24