CRIMINOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024

CRIMINOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 attempt to explain crime primarily in terms of gender-role socialization. Liberal Feminists is defined as the unlawful taking of property from the possession of someone other than one's employer. Larceny Which of the following statements is part of Richard Quinney's conflict theory of crime? Society is divided along political lines rather than being an entity based on concensus AND The content of laws and their application tend to reflect the interests of the powerful, because the powerful typically control or manipulate members of law enforcement. According to your text, _____ is defined as unlawful entry of a house, busines, or other structure with the intent to commit a felony. burglary people are present during robberies, but not during most burglaries The significant difference between burglary and robbery is... According to the UCR, robbery is a property crime; however, your text includes robbery in the interpersonal violence chapter due to the motive behind most robberies. False According to the NCVS, men are more likely than women to be victims of crime. In particular, men are victims of theft more than women; however, women are more likely to be victims of IPV. True According to the UCR, caucasians are arrested for the majority of crime in the United States. True According to James Meseserschmidt, low female crime rates are related to women's powerless position in the United States, due to patriarchy and women's fewer opportunities to commit crime. High crime rates among men can be explained through constructions of masculinity, where crime becomes a way for boys and men to "do their gender." True Although a considerable amount of variation exists among feminist scholars, most agree that... more attention needs to be paid to female criminality and conformity. According to the UCR, all of the following are among the top 5 offenses for which BOTH men and women were arrested except: Disorderly conduct (included are drug abuse violations, simple assaults, and larceny/theft.) According to the NCVS, which of the following describes the "typical" victim? A caucasian male between the ages of 12 and 24. Which of the following statements is FALSE? According to Marx and Engles, the main conflict in capitalist societies is between the lumenproletariat and the bourgeoisie. ______prioritizes neither class nor gender; ratehr, it recognized the intersectionality of class, race/ethnicty, and gender. Socialist feminism Motor vehicle theft is the crime most often reported to the police; while over half of burglaries and thefts are not reported to the police, because victims do not believe the police can find the perpetrators and/or the value of the property taken was insignificant. True According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (2006) the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States is: marijuana. According to conflict theorists, the main cause of crime in societies is... unequal distribution of wealth and power. Shoplifting costs an estimated 31$ billion; however, most criminologists view shoplifting to be a victimless crime, primarily because corportations (not people) are the "victims." False Which of the following statements is FALSE? Drug users are more likely to be unemployed or impoverished. Drug use (of both legal and illegal drugs) is an "equal opportunity affliction." In other words, drug consumption is found across all income levels, SS, genders, races, ethnicities, lifestyles, and age groups. True _________is one of the most common reasons for arson. Vandalism ______criminology attempts to broaden our knowledge of criminality through research conducted by offenders and their shared experiences within the Criminal Justice System. Convict _______is an example of non-occupational fraud. Forgery of checks/writing bad checks The most common motor vehicle theft offenders are: young males. Shoplifting is a type of: larceny. According to arrest data, ______ is five times more common than robbery. burglary __________is one of the best predictors of criminality. Gender ______report the lowest rates of victimization, according to the NCVS. Older females Research indicates that alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana are _______ drugs - types of drugs that when used excessively may lead to using other and often more addictive drugs such as cocaine. gateway ________is my favorite theorist. Marx Crime as "an intentional act of violation of the criminal law, committed without defense or excuse, and penalized by the state as a felony or misdemeanor" is: The legal definition of crime. Law based upon prior decisions of the court can be called all of hte following except statutory law. _____is the legal concept used to determine whether a criminal had the mental capacity and intent to commit a crime. Mens rea All of the following are types of defense for criminal actions except: involuntary intoxication. (but include neccesity, insanity, duress, ignorance of the laws.) Social Constructionism is a theoretical perspective which stipulates that means are subjective and definitions of crime vary according to society's rules. According to UCR data, women are most often arrested for which of the following offenses? all other offenses the legal definition of crime is too narrow. According to your text and many sociologists, The UCR contains little to no information regarding motives of crime AND includes arrest data for over 90% of the US population. NIBRS is an acronym for... The National Incident-Based Reporting System. NIBRS is a supplement to the UCR, was created in the 1970s, in order to offer additioanl information on criminals not available in the UCR, and is arrest-based data. Sociologists, criminologists, and other social scientists use arrest and victimization "rates" rather than actual number of incidences in order to compare various geographic regions. In this way, the amount of crime in heavily populated metropolitan areas can be compared to the amount of crime in small, rural communities. True False True or False: According to both the NCVS and UCR, violent crimes rates have increased over the last 20 years. All of the following are true in regards to arrest data, EXCEPT: Arrest data provide background information on victims and offenders. Higher rates of crime in the U.S. are due to better reporting and law enforcement practices in the US than in other similarly developed nations. False Women were arrested more often than men for all of the following offenses except: larceny/theft. Globalization, thte process by which individuals and societies are becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent, is caused by the movement of capital, credit, and cash by multinational corportations and the increase in technological advancements in communication; thus globalization may lead to the expansion of International criminal law and global conduct norms. True Gender is the beest predictor of criminality. In other words, if you are male, you are much more likely to be the victim of crime, and much more likely to be the perpetrator of crime. True Which of the following statements is false? The most common ofense for which people in the US are arrested is larceny/theft. Murder is considered ___________, because most citizens agree that it is wrong to kill another person. mala in se Which of the following statements demonstrate a cultural relativist perspective of Female Genital Surgeries (FGS) as discussed in class? Although FGS is primarily illegal in the world, this practice continues due to the value of the practice, as this serves as a maturation ritual for girls. Which of the following statements is best characterized as ethnocentric? Polygamous marriage should not be allowed in any country. The Unites States has higher rates of homicide and incarceration, because we have a larger population than other countries? False All of the following are possible explanations for higher crime rates in the U.S. other than technologically advanced societies, except: data collection processes vary from country to country. All of the following possible explanations for highter rates of incarceration in the U.S. as compared to other tecnicalogically advanced societies except: changes in statutory law, such as increased law enforcement. Some individuals in society accept the cultural goals of material wealth, but lack the legitimate means and/or commitment to achieve them. Often this strain between goals and means leads to teh use of illegal ways to achieve these goals. This describes which of the following Modes of Adaptation? Innovation True True or false: Retreatism refers to the Mode of Adaption where an individual neither adheres to the cultural goals, nor do they try to achieve them; rather, they may be likely to engage in consistent drug and alcohol use. According to Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson, most crimes can be explained by the "Chemistry for Crime" of the Routine Activities Theory. In particular, three key elements are required in order for a crime to occur: (a) motivated offender (b) suitable target (c) lack of capable guardian. True