Ultimate CPDT-KA Study Guide Exam with Complete Solutions!

operant conditioning - ANSWER-learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. classical conditioning - ANSWER-a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. positive reinforcement - ANSWER-Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food or a toy. positive reinforcer - ANSWER-any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response negative reinforcement - ANSWER-the removal of an adverse stimulus which is 'rewarding' to the animal or person. It strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience.' negative punishment - ANSWER-a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after a specific undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future. positive punishment - ANSWER-the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring Aversive - ANSWER-Any circumstance or event that causes pain, fear, or emotional discomfort. Tending to avoid or causing avoidance of a noxious or punishing stimulus. Back-chaining - ANSWER-The transfer of control of a learned response from one cue to another cue that consistently occurs prior to the first cue. Captured behavior - ANSWER-Reinforcing an animal in the act of performing the complete behavior. Chaining - ANSWER-A series of individual behaviors in which an animal is trained to perform in sequence. Each behavior provides the cue for the next behavior, and only the last behavior in the chain results in delivery of a primary reinforcer. conditioned reinforcer - ANSWER-a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer counter conditioning - ANSWER-a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning Desensitization - ANSWER-The process of increasing an animal's tolerance to a particular stimulus by gradually increasing the presence of the stimulus. Extinction - ANSWER-The process of decreasing behavior by permanently removing the m