Praxis 2 Biology Content 5235 Review Questions with Complete Solutions

What is inheritance? the process by which characteristics are passed from one generation to another Who was Gregor Mendel? The father of genetics; studied relationships between traits expressed in parents and offspring and hereditary factors causing the expression of these traits. What is the generation of plants used to perform the first cross called? P1 generation F1 generation first generation of offspring resulting from two P1 crosses F2 generation generation resulting from cross of 2 F1 crosses genes hereditary factor How many copies of genes are carried by an individual? 2 copies of a gene; copies may differ dominant gene gene that can mask the effect of a recessive gene recessive gene gene that cannot mask the effect of a gene. Generally 2 copies of a recessive gene are required for the trait to be expressed. chromosome A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. homologous chromosomes Corresponding pairs of chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits. Found in most eukaryotes gene locus position on a homologous chromosome at which the genes that produce a given trait exist allele different form of a gene. E.g., yellow seeds and green seeds arise from different alleles of the same gene. What are the products of meiosis? gamete cells with 1/2 the genetic information of the parents.