Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam Questions and Answers (rated A+)

Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam Questions and Answers (rated A+) Plants Architecture - ANSWER-Plant needs i. collection & conversion of solar energy - leaves ii. positioning & support of leaves - stems iii. anchorage & absorption - roots iv. transport - vascular system Leaf Structure - ANSWER-Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle) Epidermis contains what? - ANSWER-- Cuticle - Guard cells with Stomata Epidermis - ANSWER-outermost cell layer of a plant body cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis Cuticle - ANSWER-Waxy waterproof covering of a plant. Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation. Guard Cells - ANSWER-Responsible for opening and closing stomata. Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange. Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface Stomata - ANSWER-Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both surfaces. Allows for gas exchange. 2 aspects of Photosynthesis - ANSWER-light dependent reactions light independent reactions Mesophyll contains what? - ANSWER-- Parenchyma - Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers Mesophyll - ANSWER-Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer. Parenchyma - ANSWER-Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma Thin and flexible cells Most common and versatile ground tissue Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products Palisade & Spongy layers - ANSWER-Palisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants. Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars. Vein (Vascular bundle) - ANSWER-Transports materials throughout the leaf and contains the xylem and phloem. Separating the VB = damage. Stem Structure - ANSWER-Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues Xylem - ANSWER-(Xylem Up) Distributes water from roots throughout Aimed towards stem Red Tells age of tree Contains: tracheids & vessel members Tracheids - ANSWER-Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated, tapered ends. Vestigial structure First kind of tube made Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and gymnosperms (slow flow) Vessel Members - ANSWER-Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes on end. Clearly visible