Abnormal Psychology CSULB Gonzales Exam study guide 2024 latest update already graded A+

Diathesis Stress Model Individual vulnerability x experience. Diathesis is another way of saying vulnerability. Stress is like a change, doesn't have to be stressful. Diathesis can be: genetics, temperament, sensitivity to startle Stress can be individual, cultural, and societal influences Abnormal psych attempts to Describe (a set of behaviors) Explain Predict and change/modify behaviors Common features of abnormality (4 D's) Deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger Deviance Think statistically a behavior that is extreme in some way with regard to frequency or severity e.g. crying everyday Deviant from the norm; defined by culture/society; changes over time Distress Is a certain set of behaviors causing significant distress? Negative emotions, upsetting, suffering Dysfunction Is it causing a problem in some way (or problems) Interference/impairment; difficulty doing what you need or what to do e.g. anxiety causing avoidance is impairment Danger To self and or others violence, injury; neglect, malnourishment *Exception not the rule Psychiatric epidemiology the study of the prevalence of mental illness in a society Prevalence the percentage of individuals in a targeted population who have a particular disorder during a specific period of time Point prevalence the percentage of people with a disorder in the past month/year/etc. [specified period] Lifetime prevalence The percentage of people in the population who have had a disorder at some point in their life (all who have or have had it) Incidence number of new cases of a disorder that appear in an identified population within a specified time period Comorbidity presence of two or more disorders in an individual at the same time Prev, lifetime prev, or incidence? Approximately 10% of adolescents will experience a first episode of depression this year? "First episode" tells us it's new cases. Therefore, incidence Prev, lifetime prev, or incidence? Almost 10% of adults have major depressive disorder in any given year "in any given year" tells us it's point prevalence Prev, lifetime prev, or incidence? Approximately 15% of individuals living in the U.S. will experience depression during their lifetime "During their lifetime" tells us it's lifetime prevalence What percent of adults in the U.S. have a mental health disorder any given year? 25%(to 30%) What percent of adults receive mental health services? ~12/13% What percentage of youth suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder? 20-40% Those who need services and aren't getting them are... children, ethnic minorities, people getting medication instead (biomedical model) Trephination An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior. Johann Weyer Said body AND mind were susceptible to illness Emil Kraeplin DSM godfather; perceived somatogenic factors as cause of abnormal behavior (e.g. physical/brain disease as cause) Pinel. Rush, and Dix contributions They all acknowledged the need for humane treatment of the mentally ill. Pinel: sympathy and kindness; sunny rooms; support Rush: Nice staff, walks, talking Dix" campaigned for state hospitals With the rise of the drug revolution in the 1950s, what occurred? Deinstitutionalization (from nearly 600,000 patients to less than 100,000) Biological model explains ab behav through Brain anatomy, brain chemistry, and other biological sources like genetics, evolution, illness, and injury Three major divisions of the brain Hindbrain: for primitive functions Midbrain: for basic functions; make neurotransmitters Forebrain: higher mental functions like learning speech, thought, emotion, and memory [executive functions] Forebrain divisions thalamus and hypothalamus and the cerebrum thalamus and hypothalamus which act as rely station that transmits nerve impulses throughout the brain; regulates bodily drives and body conditions; involves experiencing/expressing emotions and motivation Cerebrum Limbic system: emotions, basic drives, impulse control Amygdala: emotional memory and processing Hippocampus: regulates emotions and memory formation Basal ganglia: movement; planning Cerebral cortex: 4 lobes- frontal (executive functions); parietal (somatosensory), occipital (visual processing), and temporal (auditory processing) Neurotransmission the process of transferring information from one neuron to another at a synapse